runtime源码探究（一） weak的实现

weak指针的建立

weak修饰对象不增加其引用计数，apple通过一个hash表来实现对象的弱引用。
在Xcode下编写如下代码：

__weak obj1 = obj;

编译器编译之后变成类似如下的代码：

objc_initWeak(&obj1,obj);

翻开runtime源码，NSObject.mm，找到objc_initWeak函数，实现如下：

 * @param location Address of __weak ptr. 
 * @param newObj Object ptr. 
 */
id
objc_initWeak(id *location, id newObj)
{
    if (!newObj) {
        *location = nil;
        return nil;
    }

    return storeWeak<false/*old*/, true/*new*/, true/*crash*/>(location, (objc_object*)newObj);
}

apple对参数已有说明，location是weak指针的地址，newObj是被指向的对象的地址。接下来寻找storeWeak函数，先看apple对storeWeak函数的注释：

// Update a weak variable.
// If HaveOld is true, the variable has an existing value
// that needs to be cleaned up. This value might be nil.
// If HaveNew is true, there is a new value that needs to be
// assigned into the variable. This value might be nil.
// If CrashIfDeallocating is true, the process is halted if newObj is
// deallocating or newObj’s class does not support weak references.
// If CrashIfDeallocating is false, nil is stored instead.

如果weak指针有指向的对象，那么清除这个对象，然后weak指针指向新的对象；如果weak指针指向新的对象，那么就将新的weak引用存起来；如果weak指针指向的对象被释放了，那么就不会存储这个weak引用，直接返回nil。下面一行行看代码：

template <bool HaveOld, bool HaveNew, bool CrashIfDeallocating>
static id 
storeWeak(id *location, objc_object *newObj)
{
    assert(HaveOld  ||  HaveNew);
    if (!HaveNew) assert(newObj == nil);

    Class previouslyInitializedClass = nil;
    id oldObj;
    SideTable *oldTable;
    SideTable *newTable;

    // Acquire locks for old and new values.
    // Order by lock address to prevent lock ordering problems. 
    // Retry if the old value changes underneath us.
 retry:
    if (HaveOld) {
        oldObj = *location;
        oldTable &