本文扩展自:http://blog.sunnyxx.com/2014/08/30/objc-pre-main/ 这篇文章主要描述了iOS平台上main函数调用之前所发生的事。我们从这里开始讲述category是如何加载的。
main函数开始之前,在一些准备工作之后,libSystem会调用
void _objc_init(void)
函数,这里便是runtime的入口,也就是这时候启动了runtime。苹果自己的注释也描述的很清楚
/*************************************************************
* _objc_init
* Bootstrap initialization. Registers our image notifier with dyld.
* Called by libSystem BEFORE library initialization time
苹果在这个函数里面做了一些初始化的工作,包括每个类+load方法的调用,关于load方法的调用顺序如下:
do {
// 1. Repeatedly call class +loads until there aren't any more
while (loadable_classes_used > 0) {
call_class_loads();
}
// 2. Call category +loads ONCE
more_categories = call_category_loads();
// 3. Run more +loads if there are classes OR more untried categories
} while (loadable_classes_used > 0 || more_categories);
接下来苹果调用了map_2_images函数,函数里面在最后又调用了_read_images函数,该函数通过_objc_read_categories_from_image实现category的加载。该函数的实现如下:
static bool _objc_read_categories_from_image (header_info * hi)
{
Module mods;
size_t midx;
bool needFlush = NO;
if (hi->info()->isReplacement()) {
// Ignore any categories in this image
return NO;
}
// Major loop - process all modules in the header
mods = hi->mod_ptr;
// NOTE: The module and category lists are traversed backwards
// to preserve the pre-10.4 processing order. Changing the order
// would have a small chance of introducing binary compatibility bugs.
midx = hi->mod_count;
while (midx-- > 0) {
unsigned int index;
unsigned int total;
// Nothing to do for a module without a symbol table
if (mods[midx].symtab == nil)
continue;
// Total entries in symbol table (class entries followed
// by category entries)
total = mods[midx].symtab->cls_def_cnt +
mods[midx].symtab->cat_def_cnt;
// Minor loop - register all categories from given module
index = total;
while (index-- > mods[midx].symtab->cls_def_cnt) {
old_category *cat = (old_category *)mods[midx].symtab->defs[index];
needFlush |= _objc_register_category(cat, (int)mods[midx].version);
}
}
return needFlush;
}
首先判断该类是否忽略加载category,如果忽略就直接返回;然后从传入的hi(其中存储的是各个加载的模块的信息)参数中遍历要加载的category的所有模块;首先判断模块的符号表是否为空
// Nothing to do for a module without a symbol table
if (mods[midx].symtab == nil)
continue;
如果为空就不需要加载了;接下来从该模块的符号表中取出category的数量和类的数量,然后遍历该模块所有的category,调用_objc_register_category函数进行加载。该函数的实现如下:
static bool _objc_register_category(old_category *cat, int version)
{
_objc_unresolved_category * new_cat;
_objc_unresolved_category * old;
Class theClass;
// If the category's class exists, attach the category.
if ((theClass = objc_lookUpClass(cat->class_name))) {
return _objc_add_category_flush_caches(theClass, cat, version);
}
// If the category's class exists but is unconnected,
// then attach the category to the class but don't bother
// flushing any method caches (because they must be empty).
// YES unconnected, NO class_handler
if ((theClass = look_up_class(cat->class_name, YES, NO))) {
_objc_add_category(theClass, cat, version);
return NO;
}
// Category's class does not exist yet.
// Save the category for later attachment.
if (PrintConnecting) {
_objc_inform("CONNECT: pending category '%s (%s)'", cat->class_name, cat->category_name);
}
// Create category lookup table if needed
if (!category_hash)
category_hash = NXCreateMapTable(NXStrValueMapPrototype, 128);
// Locate an existing list of categories, if any, for the class.
old = (_objc_unresolved_category *)
NXMapGet (category_hash, cat->class_name);
// Register the category to be fixed up later.
// The category list is built backwards, and is reversed again
// by resolve_categories_for_class().
new_cat = (_objc_unresolved_category *)
malloc(sizeof(_objc_unresolved_category));
new_cat->next = old;
new_cat->cat = cat;
new_cat->version = version;
(void) NXMapKeyCopyingInsert (category_hash, cat->class_name, new_cat);
return NO;
}
苹果对该函数也进行了说明:
/***********************************************************************
* _objc_register_category.
* Process a category read from an image.
* If the category's class exists, attach the category immediately.
* Classes that need cache flushing are marked but not flushed.
* If the category's class does not exist yet, pend the category for
* later attachment. Pending categories are attached in the order
* they were discovered.
* Returns YES if some method caches now need to be flushed.
**********************************************************************/
如果category对应的类存在,那么就立即加载category;如果对应的类不存在,那么将category挂起等待后续加载;如果类的一些方法缓存需要刷新,但是刷新行为不在该函数中完成,该函数返回YES。
_objc_register_category函数首先去寻找category对应的类
// If the category's class exists, attach the category.
if ((theClass = objc_lookUpClass(cat->class_name))) {
return _objc_add_category_flush_caches(theClass, cat, version);
}
// If the category's class exists but is unconnected,
// then attach the category to the class but don't bother
// flushing any method caches (because they must be empty).
// YES unconnected, NO class_handler
if ((theClass = look_up_class(cat->class_name, YES, NO))) {
_objc_add_category(theClass, cat, version);
return NO;
}
如果找到了,就加载category到对应的类,如果没找到,就建立一个hash表,将这个category存起来,待之后系统去加载。
category的加载通过_objc_add_category_flush_caches函数实现:
/***********************************************************************
* _objc_add_category_flush_caches. Install the specified category's
* methods into the class it augments, and flush the class' method cache.
* Return YES if some method caches now need to be flushed.
**********************************************************************/
static bool _objc_add_category_flush_caches(Class cls, old_category *category, int version)
{
bool needFlush = NO;
// Install the category's methods into its intended class
{
mutex_locker_t lock(methodListLock);
_objc_add_category (cls, category, version);
}
// Queue for cache flushing so category's methods can get called
if (category->instance_methods) {
cls->setInfo(CLS_FLUSH_CACHE);
needFlush = YES;
}
if (category->class_methods) {
cls->ISA()->setInfo(CLS_FLUSH_CACHE);
needFlush = YES;
}
return needFlush;
}
这里面主要就是调用_objc_add_category函数,该函数的实现如下:
/***********************************************************************
* _objc_add_category. Install the specified category's methods and
* protocols into the class it augments.
* The class is assumed not to be in use yet: no locks are taken and
* no method caches are flushed.
**********************************************************************/
static inline void _objc_add_category(Class cls, old_category *category, int version)
{
if (PrintConnecting) {
_objc_inform("CONNECT: attaching category '%s (%s)'", cls->name, category->category_name);
}
// Augment instance methods
if (category->instance_methods)
_objc_insertMethods (cls, category->instance_methods, category);
// Augment class methods
if (category->class_methods)
_objc_insertMethods (cls->ISA(), category->class_methods, category);
// Augment protocols
if ((version >= 5) && category->protocols)
{
if (cls->ISA()->version >= 5)
{
category->protocols->next = cls->protocols;
cls->protocols = category->protocols;
cls->ISA()->protocols = category->protocols;
}
else
{
_objc_inform ("unable to add protocols from category %s...\n", category->category_name);
_objc_inform ("class `%s' must be recompiled\n", category->class_name);
}
}
// Augment instance properties
if (version >= 7 && category->instance_properties) {
if (cls->ISA()->version >= 6) {
_class_addProperties(cls, category->instance_properties);
} else {
_objc_inform ("unable to add instance properties from category %s...\n", category->category_name);
_objc_inform ("class `%s' must be recompiled\n", category->class_name);
}
}
// Augment class properties
if (version >= 7 && category->hasClassPropertiesField() &&
category->class_properties)
{
if (cls->ISA()->version >= 6) {
_class_addProperties(cls->ISA(), category->class_properties);
} else {
_objc_inform ("unable to add class properties from category %s...\n", category->category_name);
_objc_inform ("class `%s' must be recompiled\n", category->class_name);
}
}
}
这里主要是做了三件事:
1、将category的实例方法和类方法添加到类中
2、将category的protocol添加到类中
3、将category的实例对象和类对象添加到类中
至此,runtime帮助我们完成了所有的category的加载。
最后附上category的结构,其实也十分简单:
struct old_category {
char *category_name;
char *class_name;
struct old_method_list *instance_methods;
struct old_method_list *class_methods;
struct old_protocol_list *protocols;
// Fields below this point are in version 7 or later only.
uint32_t size;
struct old_property_list *instance_properties;
// Check size for fields below this point.
struct old_property_list *class_properties;
bool hasClassPropertiesField() const {
return size >= offsetof(old_category, class_properties) + sizeof(class_properties);
}
};