nginx配置之负载均衡

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1.实验环境准备

准备3台linux服务器（ubuntu和centos均可，本文使用centos7.9），两台web和一台负载均衡服务器，均安装nginx服务

主机名	IP	软件
lb01	10.0.0.5/24	nginx
web01	172.16.1.7/24（内网）	nginx
web02	172.16.1.8/24（内网）	nginx

2.配置web01

修改nginx主配置文件，并创建一个简单的访问页面

[root@web01 nginx]# vim nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  _;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
}

[root@web01 nginx]# echo "this is web01 server,ip 172.16.1.7" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

 web02的配置与web01类似，不再重复写出来

3.配置lb01

nginx主配置文件不用动，只需修改子配置文件

[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat admin.conf 
upstream admin {
    server 172.16.1.7;
    server 172.16.1.8;
}

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.admin.com;


    location / {
        proxy_pass http://admin;
        include proxy_params;
    }
}

[root@lb01 conf.d]# cat ../proxy_params 
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_http_version 1.1; 
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 
proxy_connect_timeout 30; 
proxy_send_timeout 60; 
proxy_read_timeout 60; 
proxy_buffering on; 
proxy_buffer_size 32k; 
proxy_buffers 4 128k;

4.检测配置文件正确性并重启nginx服务

[root@web01 nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web01 nginx]# systemctl restart nginx

[root@web02 nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@web02 nginx]# systemctl restart nginx

[root@lb01 nginx]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@lb01 nginx]# systemctl restart nginx

5.访问测试

Windows主机修改hosts文件，添加10.0.0.5 www.admin.com

浏览器刷新访问www.admin.com

6.补充

upstream模块里面写对应的后端主机的时候根据需要可以做如下的设置

upstream webs {       
server 172.16.1.7 down; web01 不参与调度 和# 注释相同        
server 172.16.1.8;
} 
upstream webs {       
server 172.16.1.7;       
server 172.16.1.8 backup;  # 其他所有服务器挂掉后 web02参数调度 类似备胎
server 172.16.1.9;
}

nginx配置负载均衡的简单演示就到这里啦~