在C语言控制台程序(Console Application)中,可以使用 scanf 函数获取用户的输入,而在Windows程序中使用编辑框控件。
创建编辑框控件
编辑框控件的窗口类名是edit。除了子窗口常用的风格 WS_CHILD、WS_VISIBLE、WS_BORDER 外,edit 控件也有自己的风格,都是以ES
开头。
edit 控件常用风格
登录框演示:
#include <Windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
HINSTANCE hInst;
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine,
int iCmdShow
) {
static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("HelloWin"); //窗口类名
HWND hwnd; //窗口句柄
MSG msg; //消息
WNDCLASS wndclass; // 窗口类
hInst = hInstance;
/**********第①步:注册窗口类**********/
//为窗口类的各个字段赋值
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; //窗口风格
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; //窗口过程
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; //暂时不需要理解
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; //暂时不需要理解
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; //当前窗口句柄
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //窗口图标
wndclass.hCursor = LoadIcon(NULL, IDC_ARROW); //鼠标样式
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); //窗口背景画刷
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; //窗口菜单
wndclass.lpszClassName = szClassName; // 窗口类名
//注册窗口
RegisterClass(&wndclass);
/*****第②步:创建窗口(并让窗口显示出来)*****/
hwnd = CreateWindow(
szClassName, //窗口类的名字
TEXT("Welcome"), //窗口标题(出现在标题栏)
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, //窗口风格
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始化时x轴的位置
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始化时y轴的位置
500, //窗口宽度
300, //窗口高度
NULL, //父窗口句柄
NULL, //窗口菜单句柄
hInstance, //当前窗口的句柄
NULL //不使用该值
);
//显示窗口
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
//更新(绘制)窗口
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
/**********第③步:消息循环**********/
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
/**********第④步:窗口过程**********/
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc; //设备环境句柄
PAINTSTRUCT ps; //存储绘图环境的相关信息
static HFONT hFont; //逻辑字体
static HWND hLabUsername; //静态文本框--用户名
static HWND hLabPassword; //静态文本框--密码
static HWND hEditUsername; //单行文本输入框
static HWND hEditPassword; //密码输入框
static HWND hBtnLogin; //登录按钮
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
//创建逻辑字体
hFont = CreateFont(
-14/*高*/, -7/*宽*/, 0, 0, 400 /*一般这个值设为400*/,
FALSE/*斜体?*/, FALSE/*下划线?*/, FALSE/*删除线?*/, DEFAULT_CHARSET,
OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
);
//创建静态文本框控件--用户名
hLabUsername = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("用户名:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE /*垂直居中*/ | SS_RIGHT /*水平居右*/,
0 /*x坐标*/, 20 /*y坐标*/, 70 /*宽度*/, 26 /*高度*/,
hWnd /*父窗口句柄*/, (HMENU)1 /*控件ID*/, hInst /*当前程序实例句柄*/, NULL
);
//创建静态文本框控件--密码
hLabPassword = CreateWindow(TEXT("static"), TEXT("密码:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE /*垂直居中*/ | SS_RIGHT /*水平居右*/,
0, 56, 70, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
//创建单行文本框控件
hEditUsername = CreateWindow(TEXT("edit"), TEXT(""),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER /*边框*/ | ES_AUTOHSCROLL /*水平滚动*/,
80, 20, 200, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)3, hInst, NULL
);
//创建密码输入框
hEditPassword = CreateWindow(TEXT("edit"), TEXT(""),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | ES_PASSWORD /*密码*/ | ES_AUTOHSCROLL /*水平滚动*/,
80, 56, 200, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
);
//创建按钮控件
hBtnLogin = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT("登录"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | BS_FLAT/*扁平样式*/,
80, 92, 200, 30,
hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
);
//依次设置控件的字体
SendMessage(hLabUsername, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(hLabPassword, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(hEditUsername, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(hEditPassword, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(hBtnLogin, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
break;
case WM_PAINT: //窗口绘制消息
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); //开始绘图并返回环境句柄
// TODO: 在此添加任意绘图代码...
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); //结束绘图并释放环境句柄
break;
case WM_DESTROY: //窗口销毁消息
DeleteObject(hFont); //删除创建的字体
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
运行效果:
获取编辑框控件文本
getWindowText 函数,它可以用来获取控件的文本。
下面的例子演示用户点击登录按钮时,如何获取用户的输入内容:
#include <Windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
HINSTANCE hInst;
int WINAPI WinMain(
HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine,
int iCmdShow
) {
static TCHAR szClassName[] = TEXT("HelloWin"); //窗口类名
HWND hwnd; //窗口句柄
MSG msg; //消息
WNDCLASS wndclass; // 窗口类
hInst = hInstance;
/**********第①步:注册窗口类**********/
//为窗口类的各个字段赋值
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; //窗口风格
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; //窗口过程
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0; //暂时不需要理解
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0; //暂时不需要理解
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance; //当前窗口句柄
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //窗口图标
wndclass.hCursor = LoadIcon(NULL, IDC_ARROW); //鼠标样式
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH); //窗口背景画刷
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL; //窗口菜单
wndclass.lpszClassName = szClassName; // 窗口类名
//注册窗口
RegisterClass(&wndclass);
/*****第②步:创建窗口(并让窗口显示出来)*****/
hwnd = CreateWindow(
szClassName, //窗口类的名字
TEXT("Welcome"), //窗口标题(出现在标题栏)
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, //窗口风格
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始化时x轴的位置
CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始化时y轴的位置
500, //窗口宽度
300, //窗口高度
NULL, //父窗口句柄
NULL, //窗口菜单句柄
hInstance, //当前窗口的句柄
NULL //不使用该值
);
//显示窗口
ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
//更新(绘制)窗口
UpdateWindow(hwnd);
/**********第③步:消息循环**********/
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
/**********第④步:窗口过程**********/
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hdc; //设备环境句柄
PAINTSTRUCT ps; //存储绘图环境的相关信息
int wmId, wmEvent;
static HFONT hFont; //逻辑字体
static HWND hLabUsername; //静态文本框--用户名
static HWND hLabPassword; //静态文本框--密码
static HWND hEditUsername; //单行文本输入框
static HWND hEditPassword; //密码输入框
static HWND hBtnLogin; //登录按钮
//定义缓冲区
TCHAR szUsername[100];
TCHAR szPassword[100];
TCHAR szUserInfo[200];
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE:
//创建逻辑字体
hFont = CreateFont(
-14/*高*/, -7/*宽*/, 0, 0, 400 /*一般这个值设为400*/,
FALSE/*斜体?*/, FALSE/*下划线?*/, FALSE/*删除线?*/, DEFAULT_CHARSET,
OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
);
//创建静态文本框控件--用户名
hLabUsername = CreateWindow(
TEXT("static"), TEXT("用户名:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE /*垂直居中*/ | SS_RIGHT /*水平居右*/,
0 /*x坐标*/, 20 /*y坐标*/, 70 /*宽度*/, 26 /*高度*/,
hWnd /*父窗口句柄*/, (HMENU)1 /*控件ID*/, hInst /*当前程序实例句柄*/, NULL
);
//创建静态文本框控件--密码
hLabPassword = CreateWindow(TEXT("static"), TEXT("密码:"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE /*垂直居中*/ | SS_RIGHT /*水平居右*/,
0, 56, 70, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
);
//创建单行文本框控件
hEditUsername = CreateWindow(TEXT("edit"), TEXT(""),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER /*边框*/ | ES_AUTOHSCROLL /*水平滚动*/,
80, 20, 200, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)3, hInst, NULL
);
//创建密码输入框
hEditPassword = CreateWindow(TEXT("edit"), TEXT(""),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | ES_PASSWORD /*密码*/ | ES_AUTOHSCROLL /*水平滚动*/,
80, 56, 200, 26,
hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
);
//创建按钮控件
hBtnLogin = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT("登录"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | BS_FLAT/*扁平样式*/,
80, 92, 200, 30,
hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
);
//依次设置控件的字体
SendMessage(hLabUsername, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(hLabPassword, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(hEditUsername, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(hEditPassword, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
SendMessage(hBtnLogin, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, NULL);
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
switch (wmId)
{
case 5: //按钮的HMENU参数
//获取输入框的数据
GetWindowText(hEditUsername, szUsername, 100);
GetWindowText(hEditPassword, szPassword, 100);
wsprintf(szUserInfo,TEXT("提示:\r\n您的用户账号:%s\r\n您的用户密码:%s"), szUsername, szPassword);
MessageBox(hWnd, szUserInfo, TEXT("信息提示"), MB_ICONINFORMATION);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
case WM_PAINT: //窗口绘制消息
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); //开始绘图并返回环境句柄
// TODO: 在此添加任意绘图代码...
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); //结束绘图并释放环境句柄
break;
case WM_DESTROY: //窗口销毁消息
DeleteObject(hFont); //删除创建的字体
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
程序运行后会出现一个窗口(与上面相同),输入用户名和密码,点击“登录”按钮,弹出提示框,如下图所示: