Spring 上下文之ContextLoaderListener和ServletDispatcher

       Spring中有两种上下文环境：ApplicationContext和WebApplicationContext，他们分别对应ContextLoaderListener和ServletDispatcher，且都可以用来配置bean的注入，装配，AOP以及事物管理。

1、ContextLoaderListener

ContextLoaderListener通过读取contextConfigLocation参数来读取配置参数，下面是一个典型web.xml中加载ContextLoaderListener的代码片段。

    <!-- 定义参数 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath*:spring/config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!-- 定义Listener -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

以及 applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jaxrs="http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs"
 xmlns:cxf="http://cxf.apache.org/core"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/jaxrs http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/jaxrs.xsd http://cxf.apache.org/core http://cxf.apache.org/schemas/core.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee  http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd"> 
    
     <context:annotation-config /> 
     <tx:annotation-driven proxy-target-class="true" transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> 
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.simonefolinoblogspot.dao" >
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
     </context:component-scan> 
     ... 
</beans>

可以看到ContextLoaderListener的配置文件都是中间层,数据层,DAO之类的

2. ServletDispatcher

ServletDispatcher通过读取<servlet-name>-servlet.xml文件来读取配置,如果文件不存在,则可以通过servlet标签内的

        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath*:spring/config/dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>

来指定配置文件,它配置的是Web层组件的注入,装配和AOP

• Controllers
• ViewResolvers
• LocaleResolvers
• ThemeResolvers

下面是一个典型配置web.xml

<servlet>
 <servlet-name>addressbook</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 <init-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
 </init-param>
 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet> 

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
                           ">
 
   <context:annotation-config />  
   <context:component-scan base-package="com.simonefolinoblogspot.controller" >
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
   </context:component-scan> 
   <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
  	<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
  	<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/" />
  	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
   </bean>
</beans> 

说一个我的例子,我在Conroller类上加上了@Controller自动注册注释,然后把aop的配置引入放到了applicationContext.xml里,这个配置由ContextLoaderListener读取的

    <import resource="classpath*:spring/aop/aopConfig.xml" />

结果AOP方法就不执行了,解决方法就是需要将aopConfig.xml放到ServletDispatcher的配置xml文件里

3、两者混合使用。一般情况下ServletDispatcher即可完成所有功能，但是一旦出现如下情况，修改起来会比较麻烦。但是ServletDispatcher在处理@Controller标注的类时更好，因为它就是为了这类标注的类诞生的，即ServletDispatcher可以搞定@Controller和一般的dao，但是ContextLoaderListener处理不了@Controller，只能处理一般的dao

标准方法是在web.xml中配置两个，然后在spring mvc配置文件中注解只扫controller注解，其余spring不扫controller注解，如上面所述。但是在一些特殊场景中如下：

加入我想引入ehcache的页面缓存。它必须在web.xml里配个SimplePageCachingFilter。由于其加载时机先于servlet，我不得不在web.xml配置ContextLoaderListener。因为ServletDispatcher本质就是个servlet，所以仅仅使用ServletDispatcher是无法完成此需求，故需要ContextLoaderListener来完成。