OBDII车载诊断仪开发记录之一波三折(-)BlueTooth 3.0

前言

根据GB18285,GB3847 机动车辆的检测引入了OBD检查,所以需要开发一款OBD诊断仪,配合之前的工作,将车辆OBD数据上报。当初接到这个任务的时候,可以说是一脸懵逼,因为特么之前没接触过,什么是OBD,OBD长什么样我特么都不知道,你就给我派任务,这不是搞笑吗。当时真想说,做不了,可是作为一个合格的程序员,说做不了是有点LOW了,所以咱就接下来这个任务了,但是开发周期可以自己定,摆事实讲道理,就是多要点时间,哈哈哈,何必把自己弄得那么狼狈呢,轻轻松松上路开发不好吗。

准备

至于什么是OBD,OBD工作原理,请自行baidu或google。
要进行OBD的开发,肯定是要配合相关硬件的,也就是ELM327,去淘宝或者京东买就可以,也不贵,一个几十块钱。我买的是一款叫TDA327 OBD的产品,因为他们家的产品看介绍挺好的,还支持OEM,并且还做了格式化,能让你快速二次开发,提供蓝牙,WIFI,3G或USB转串口模块,当时觉着哇塞,这不就是我想要的理想的硬件吗,开始开发了才知道(O(∩_∩)O哈哈~),不是这样,这里暂且不表,后面再说。

这里的说的准备工作,主要是Bluetooth的开发。

之前蓝牙开发接触的比较少,所以开发之前看了不少前辈写的博客,然后又去google看了官方的蓝牙开发教程,就可以自己上手了,当然如果你比较懒,你可以去github直接搜bluetooth,有别人封装好的蓝牙库供你使用,但是有一点大多是基于Bluetooth 4.0也就是BluetoothBLE的,Bluetooth 3.0的比较少。好了,废话不多说了,开始正题吧。

正题Bluetooth

一个好用的的Bluetooth程序,要包括一下几个功能点:
(1)扫描其它蓝牙设备
(2)查询本地蓝牙适配器的配对蓝牙设备
(3)建立RFCOMM通道
(4)通过服务发现连接到其它设备
(5)与其它设备进行双向数据传输

蓝牙权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>
<!--在比较高的Android版本上,还要添加上定位权限,才能搜索到蓝牙设备-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

扫描蓝牙设备

1.扫描前的准备

蓝牙3.0的准备工作

	//针对经典蓝牙,也就是3.0
	//首先,要确认设备是否支持蓝牙功能,蓝牙是否开启,
    /**
     * 是否支持蓝牙
     *
     * @return true 支持,false 不支持
     */
    private boolean isSupportBluetooth() {
        return bluetoothAdapter != null;
    }
    
     /**
     * 检查蓝牙是否可用
     *
     * @return true 可用,false 可用
     */
    private boolean checkBluetoothEnable() {
        return bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled();
    }
    
    /**
     * 开启蓝牙
     */
    private void enableBluetooth() {
        if (!checkBluetoothEnable()) {
            //bluetoothAdapter.enable();这样打开,不需要用户同意
            //下面这种打开方式,需要用户同意打开蓝牙,会有系统弹框
            Log.e(TAG, "enable bluetooth.......");
            Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            mContext.startActivityForResult(intent, Constant.REQUEST_CODE_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH);
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "bluetooth is already enabled........");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 请求开启蓝牙回调,因为蓝牙打开是一个耗时操作,所以做了3s的延迟
     * @param requestCode
     * @param resultCode
     * @param data
     */
    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
        if (resultCode != Activity.RESULT_OK)
            return;
        if (requestCode == Constant.REQUEST_CODE_ENABLE_BLUETOOTH) {
            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    startDiscovery();
                }
            }, 3000);

        }
    }


2.扫描工作

蓝牙3.0扫描

    /**
     * 注册蓝牙广播,你可以多监听状态,也可以只监听你需要的,看你的需求
     */
    private void registerBlueReceiver() {
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED);
        intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
        mContext.registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
        Log.e(TAG, "register receiver........");
    }
    
    /**
     * 解绑
     */
    public void unregisterReceiver() {
        if (receiver != null)
            mContext.unregisterReceiver(receiver);

    }
    
    /**
     * 开始搜索蓝牙设备
     */
    private void startDiscovery() {
        if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
            bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
        bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
    }
    
    /**
     * 取消搜索
     */
    public void cancelDiscovery() {
        if (bluetoothAdapter != null) {
            bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }
    }
    
    /**
    *蓝牙监听广播
    */
    public class BluetoothReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

        private final String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();
    
        private Handler mHandler;
    
        public BluetoothReceiver(Handler handler) {
            this.mHandler = handler;
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            Log.e(TAG, "bluetooth receiver:" + action);
            switch (action) {
                case BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_STARTED:
                    Log.e(TAG, "start discovery bluetooth device...");
                    mHandler.obtainMessage(Constant.BLUETOOTH_START_DISCOVERY).sendToTarget();
                    break;
                case BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED:
                    Log.e(TAG, "finish discovery bluetooth device...");
                    mHandler.obtainMessage(Constant.BLUETOOTH_FINISH_DISCOVERY).sendToTarget();
                    break;
                case BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND:
                    Log.e(TAG, "found bluetooth device...");
                    foundBluetoothDevice(intent);
                    break;
                    //连接状态改变
                case BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED:
                    Log.e(TAG,"bluetooth state changed........");
                    changeState(intent);
                    break;
                case BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED:
                    Log.e(TAG,"bluetooth connect state changed....");
                    changeConnectState(intent);
                    break;
            }
        }
}

配对,连接

  • 3.0配对
  • 3.0有进行配对的步骤,4.0貌似没有,直接连接了

        /**
         * 开始配对
         * @param address
         */
        public void startPaired(String address) {
            try {
                BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
                Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");
                createBondMethod.invoke(bluetoothDevice);
            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
        /**
         * 获取已配对过的设备,并尝试连接
         * 已配对过的设备,直接连接就行
         */
        public void getBonedList() {
            if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
                return;
            }
            Set<BluetoothDevice> devices = bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();
            if (devices.size() <= 0) {
                return;
            }
            for (Iterator<BluetoothDevice> it = devices.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
                BluetoothDevice device = it.next();
                //自动连接设备
                createBond(device);
            }
        }
    
  • 3.0连接
  • 蓝牙3.0的连接,其中主要是3个线程参与,一个连接线程ConnectThread,一个监听连接线程ListenerThread,一个读取数据的线程ReadThread

        /**
         * 连接蓝牙
         * @param address
         */
        public void connect(String address) {
            if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
                bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
            }
    
            mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT_START);
            BluetoothDevice device = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
            BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket = null;
            try {
                bluetoothSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString(MY_UUID));
                //启动连接线程
                connectThread = new ConnectThread(bluetoothSocket, true);
                connectThread.start();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT_FAILURE);
                try {
                    if (bluetoothSocket != null) {
                        bluetoothSocket.close();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e1) {
                    e1.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        
    

    分别看下各个线程
    ConnectThread负责连接,重连工作

        /**
         * 连接,读取数据,线程,
         * 也可以连接,读取数据 分开
         */
        public class ConnectThread extends Thread {
            private BluetoothSocket socket;
            private boolean activeConnect;
    
            public ConnectThread(BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket, boolean activeConnect) {
                this.socket = bluetoothSocket;
                this.activeConnect = activeConnect;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    //如果是自动连接,则调用连接方法
                    if (activeConnect) {
                        socket.connect();
                    }
                    mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT_SUCCESS);
    
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "connect thread occur error..........." + e.getMessage());
                    Class<?> clazz = socket.getRemoteDevice().getClass();
                    Class<?>[] paramTypes = new Class<?>[]{Integer.TYPE};
                    try {
                        Method m = clazz.getMethod("createRfcommSocket", paramTypes);
                        Object[] params = new Object[]{Integer.valueOf(1)};
                        socket = (BluetoothSocket) m.invoke(socket.getRemoteDevice(), params);
                        Thread.sleep(500);
                        socket.connect();
                        Log.e(TAG, "retry connect success....");
                        mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT_SUCCESS);
    
                    } catch (Exception e1) {
                        e1.printStackTrace();
                        Log.e(TAG, "retry connect still failed.......");
                        mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(Constant.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT_FAILURE);
                    }
                }
                //启动读数据线程
                readThread = new ReadThread(socket);
                readThread.start();
    
            }
    
    
        }
    

    ReadThread工作就是读取、发送数据了:

     public class ReadThread extends Thread {
    
            private final BluetoothSocket socket;
            private final InputStream inputStream;
            private final OutputStream outputStream;
    
            public ReadThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
                this.socket = socket;
                InputStream tmpIn = null;
                OutputStream tmpOut = null;
                // Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because
                // member streams are final
                try {
                    tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
                    tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    Log.e(TAG, "read thread init occur error:" + e.getMessage());
                }
                inputStream = tmpIn;
                outputStream = tmpOut;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
    
                byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
                int bytes;
                while (true) {
                    try {
                        //读取数据
                        bytes = inputStream.read(buffer);
                        if (bytes > 0) {
                            final byte[] data = new byte[bytes];
                            System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, data, 0, bytes);
                            mHandler.obtainMessage(Constant.READ_DATA, data).sendToTarget();
                        }
    
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Log.e(TAG, "read data occur error........" + e.getMessage());
                        break;
                    }
                }
    
            }
    
            /**
             * 发送数据,这个是我由于我的硬件要求哈
             * <p>
             * AT 指令全为大写,均以回车、换行字符结尾,所有发送给 QBD 芯片的指令必须在指令结尾附带一个
             * 回车符(0x0D)作为指令结束的标志,否则 QBD 芯片不响应该指令。(另 所有空格将被忽略。如
             * ATV 和 AT V 芯片默认为同一指令)同样 QBD61 的回传数据也是回车符(0x0D)作为结束标志 注意:
             * 在连接上车辆后,由于汽车总线速度的限制,发送给 ECU 指令的频率不能过快,特别是 K 线,建议
             * 上位机判断 QBD61 的响应再进行下一个指令的发送,
             *
             * @param msg
             */
            public void sendMsg(final String msg) {
               //如果硬件对指令没有特殊要求,用这个就好 byte[] bytes = msg.getBytes();
                byte[] bytes = handleMsg(msg);
                try {
                    if (outputStream != null) {
                        outputStream.write(bytes);
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "send msg occur error:" + e.getMessage());
                }
    
            }
    
            /**
             * @param msg
             */
            private byte[] handleMsg(String msg) {
                int i, n = 0;
                byte[] bos = msg.getBytes();
                for (i = 0; i < bos.length; i++) {
                    if (bos[i] == 0x0a) {
                        n++;
                    }
                }
                byte[] bos_new = new byte[bos.length+n];
                n=0;
                for(i=0;i<bos.length;i++){//手机中换行为0a,将其改为0d 0a后再发送
                    if(bos[i]==0x0a){
                        bos_new[n]=0x0d;
                        n++;
                        bos_new[n]=0x0a;
                    }else{
                        bos_new[n]=bos[i];
                    }
                    n++;
                }
                return bos_new;
            }
    
            /**
             * 结束蓝牙,释放资源
             */
            public void cancel() {
                if (socket != null) {
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    

    再看一下监听线程ListenerThread,这个其实要最先启动,一直监听

        /**
         * 监听线程
         */
        public class ListenerThread extends Thread {
            private final BluetoothServerSocket bluetoothServerSocket;
    //        private BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket;
    
            public ListenerThread(BluetoothAdapter adapter) {
                // Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,
                // because mmServerSocket is final
                BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
                try {
                    tmp = adapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, UUID.fromString(MY_UUID));
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                bluetoothServerSocket = tmp;
    
    
            }
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                BluetoothSocket bluetoothSocket = null;
                while (true) {
                    try {
                        //线程阻塞,等待设备连接
                        bluetoothSocket = bluetoothServerSocket.accept();
                        Log.e(TAG, "listen thread.............");
                        connectThread = new ConnectThread(bluetoothSocket, false);
                        connectThread.start();
                        if (bluetoothSocket != null) {
                            bluetoothServerSocket.close();
                        }
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        Log.e(TAG, "listen thread occur error:" + e.getMessage());
                    }
    
                }
    
            }
        }
    

    结束语
    好了,关于蓝牙3.0的开发的就写这么多,4.0的放在下一篇写。限于能力有限,存在错误之处,请各位指正,有问题的小伙伴,可以下方留言。
    蓝牙4.0可以点击这里,OBDII车载诊断仪开发记录之一波三折(二)BlueTooth 4.0
    代码下载地址

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