python学习之路3

循环

1 for循环

#用户输入
_username = "carrmee"
_password = "123"
# passed_flag = False
# for i in range(3):
#     username = input("username:")
#     password = input("password:")
#
#     if _username == username and _password == password:
#         print("welcome!login.....")
#         passed_flag = True
#         break
#     else:
#         print("invalid username and password")
# if not passed_flag:
#     print("you have tried too times....")



for i in range(3):
    username = input("username:")
    password = input("password:")

    if _username == username and _password == password:
        print("welcome!login.....")
        break
    else:
        print("invalid username and password")
else:
    print("you have tried too times....")

语法：例–for i in range（10）：
for：
else：

---

2.while 循环

_username = "carrmee"
_password = "123"

count = 0   #计数
while count<3:
    username = input("username:")
    password = input("password:")

    if _username == username and _password == password:
        print("welcome!login.....")
        break #跳出循环
    else:
        print("invalid username and password")
    count = count + 1
    if count == 3:
        keep_going= input("do you want to play again?[y/n]")
        if keep_going == "y":
            count = 0 #清零重新循环
else:
    print("you have tried too times....")

---

3.break与continue
　　break:跳出整个循环
　　continue:跳出本次循环
　　

flag = False #flag标志位为Fal
for i in range(10):
    if i < 5:
        continue #若i小于5则跳出本次循坏
    print(i) #当i大于5打印（56789）
    for j in range(10):
        print("level2:",j)
        if j == 6: #当j循坏到6时
            flag = True #令flag为True
            break #并跳出j的循环
    if flag: #当flag为真
         break #跳出i的循坏

---

列表

四种操作：增删改查

1.增
方法：append，insert

a = ['g','h','y','u']
a.append('tt') #把'tt'默认增加到末尾
print(a)
#-----------------
a.insert(2,'oo')#把'oo'增加到第二个位置，默认从0计数，即'g'的位置是0
print(a)

2.删
方法：del，remove，pop

a = ['g','h','y','u']
a.remove('g')#直接删除某个元素，但需要知道元素名字
print(a)
a = ['h','y','u']
#-----------
a.pop(2)#删除某个位置的元素，此例是删除第二个元素
'y' #会返回被删除元素
print(a)
a = ['g','h','u']
#-----------
del a #删除整个列表a

3.改：

b=[1,2,3,4,5]
b[0]='kk'#修改第0个元素
b=['kk',2,3,4,5]
b[1:3]=[8,9]#修改第一个和第二个元素
b=['kk',8,9,4,5]

4.查

>>> a=['ss','ff','gg']
>>> a[1] #查第一个元素
'ff'
>>> print(a[1],a[2])
ff gg #查第1，2元素
>>> print(a[1:3])#a[1:3]指1到2不包括3
['ff', 'gg']
>>> print(a[1:])#冒号后面不写默认到最后
['ff', 'gg']#1到最后
>>> print(a[1:-1])#-1指右边第一个，但不包括
['ff']
>>> print(a[0::2])#0到最后，步长为2
['ss', 'gg']
>>> print(a[-1::2])
['gg']
>>> print(a[0::-2])
['ss']
>>> a=['a','b','n','m','j']
>>> a[3::-1]
['m', 'n', 'b', 'a']
>>> a[3::1]
['m', 'j']
>>> b

5。其他方法
1）count计算某个元素出现次数

a = [0,0,0,1,2,3,4]
print(a.count(0))
3

2）extend扩展列表

a=[1,2,3]
b=[1,4,7]
a.extend(b)
a
[1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 7]

3）index 获取某个元素的位置

a = [0,0,0,1,2,3,4]
a.index(4)
6

4）reverse 倒序

a = [0,0,0,1,2,3,4]
a.reverse()
print(a)
[4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0]

5）sort 顺序排列

a.sort()
a
[0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]