安卓声卡驱动：5.dai驱动

一 dai驱动简介

dai驱动用于驱动component上的音频接口，dai驱动通常不会单独存在，dai驱动会与component驱动一起注册。
在注册codec时，就要求提供dai驱动，而platform驱动在编写时也会根据需要，在注册platform驱动的同时调用devm_snd_soc_register_component或snd_soc_register_dais来为dai驱动单独注册。
这两个函数的差异就是snd_soc_register_dais需要自己创建一个component，而devm_snd_soc_register_component则会自动为dai创建一个单独的component。

dai driver用于管理数字音频接口，所以dai驱动中除了管理接口的函数，还会有各种音频属性，如采样率，位宽等。
dai按方向可以分为playback和capture两种，一个dai driver可以同时有playback和Capture两种接口。

二 dai驱动重要结构体

dai driver有2个重要的结构体struct snd_soc_dai_driver和dai的操作函数struct snd_soc_dai_ops

struct snd_soc_dai_driver {
	/* DAI description */
	const char *name;
	unsigned int id;
	unsigned int base;

	/* DAI driver callbacks */
	int (*probe)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai);
	int (*remove)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai);
	int (*suspend)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai);
	int (*resume)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai);
	/* compress dai */
	int (*compress_new)(struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd, int num);
	/* DAI is also used for the control bus */
	bool bus_control;

	/* ops */
	const struct snd_soc_dai_ops *ops;

	/* DAI capabilities */
	struct snd_soc_pcm_stream capture;
	struct snd_soc_pcm_stream playback;
	unsigned int symmetric_rates:1;
	unsigned int symmetric_channels:1;
	unsigned int symmetric_samplebits:1;

	/* probe ordering - for components with runtime dependencies */
	int probe_order;
	int remove_order;
};

struct snd_soc_dai_ops {
	/*
	 * DAI clocking configuration, all optional.
	 * Called by soc_card drivers, normally in their hw_params.
	 */
	int (*set_sysclk)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai,
		int clk_id, unsigned int freq, int dir);
	int (*set_pll)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, int pll_id, int source,
		unsigned int freq_in, unsigned int freq_out);
	int (*set_clkdiv)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, int div_id, int div);
	int (*set_bclk_ratio)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, unsigned int ratio);

	/*
	 * DAI format configuration
	 * Called by soc_card drivers, normally in their hw_params.
	 */
	int (*set_fmt)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, unsigned int fmt);
	int (*xlate_tdm_slot_mask)(unsigned int slots,
		unsigned int *tx_mask, unsigned int *rx_mask);
	int (*set_tdm_slot)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai,
		unsigned int tx_mask, unsigned int rx_mask,
		int slots, int slot_width);
	int (*set_channel_map)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai,
		unsigned int tx_num, unsigned int *tx_slot,
		unsigned int rx_num, unsigned int *rx_slot);
	int (*set_tristate)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, int tristate);

	/*
	 * DAI digital mute - optional.
	 * Called by soc-core to minimise any pops.
	 */
	int (*digital_mute)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, int mute);
	int (*mute_stream)(struct snd_soc_dai *dai, int mute, int stream);

	/*
	 * ALSA PCM audio operations - all optional.
	 * Called by soc-core during audio PCM operations.
	 */
	int (*startup)(struct snd_pcm_substream *,
		struct snd_soc_dai *);
	void (*shutdown)(struct snd_pcm_substream *,
		struct snd_soc_dai *);
	int (*hw_params)(struct snd_pcm_substream *,
		struct snd_pcm_hw_params *, struct snd_soc_dai *);
	int (*hw_free)(struct snd_pcm_substream *,
		struct snd_soc_dai *);
	int (*prepare)(struct snd_pcm_substream *,
		struct snd_soc_dai *);
	/*
	 * NOTE: Commands passed to the trigger function are not necessarily
	 * compatible with the current state of the dai. For example this
	 * sequence of commands is possible: START STOP STOP.
	 * So do not unconditionally use refcounting functions in the trigger
	 * function, e.g. clk_enable/disable.
	 */
	int (*trigger)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, int,
		struct snd_soc_dai *);
	int (*bespoke_trigger)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, int,
		struct snd_soc_dai *);
	/*
	 * For hardware based FIFO caused delay reporting.
	 * Optional.
	 */
	snd_pcm_sframes_t (*delay)(struct snd_pcm_substream *,
		struct snd_soc_dai *);
};

• name：dai的名字，在dai_link中就是依赖这个名字来指定dai接口
• ops：接口操作函数，如果是I2S接口则是I2S的控制函数，PCM接口则是PCM的控制函数。
• capture：描述dai接口的录音能力，指定声道数，采样率，位深等
• playback：描述dai接口的播放能力
• probe_order：初始化声卡时该component的probe函数调用顺序
• remove_order：卸载时的顺序

dai的注册过程

dai注册的函数是snd_soc_register_dais

/**
 * snd_soc_register_dais - Register a DAI with the ASoC core
 *
 * @component: The component the DAIs are registered for
 * @dai_drv: DAI driver to use for the DAIs
 * @count: Number of DAIs
 * @legacy_dai_naming: Use the legacy naming scheme and let the DAI inherit the
 *                     parent's name.
 */
static int snd_soc_register_dais(struct snd_soc_component *component,
	struct snd_soc_dai_driver *dai_drv, size_t count,
	bool legacy_dai_naming)
{
	struct device *dev = component->dev;
	struct snd_soc_dai *dai;
	unsigned int i;
	int ret;

	dev_dbg(dev, "ASoC: dai register %s #%Zu\n", dev_name(dev), count);

	component->dai_drv = dai_drv;
	component->num_dai = count;

	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {																//可以一次注册多个dai

		dai = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_soc_dai), GFP_KERNEL);		//为dai分配内存
		if (dai == NULL) {
			ret = -ENOMEM;
			goto err;
		}

		/*
		 * Back in the old days when we still had component-less DAIs,
		 * instead of having a static name, component-less DAIs would
		 * inherit the name of the parent device so it is possible to
		 * register multiple instances of the DAI. We still need to keep
		 * the same naming style even though those DAIs are not
		 * component-less anymore.
		 */
		if (count == 1 && legacy_dai_naming &&								//格式化名称
			(dai_drv[i].id == 0 || dai_drv[i].name == NULL)) {
			dai->name = fmt_single_name(dev, &dai->id);
		} else {
			dai->name = fmt_multiple_name(dev, &dai_drv[i]);
			if (dai_drv[i].id)
				dai->id = dai_drv[i].id;
			else
				dai->id = i;
		}
		if (dai->name == NULL) {
			kfree(dai);
			ret = -ENOMEM;
			goto err;
		}

		dai->component = component;
		dai->dev = dev;
		dai->driver = &dai_drv[i];
		if (!dai->driver->ops)
			dai->driver->ops = &null_dai_ops;

		list_add(&dai->list, &component->dai_list);				//把dai挂到component的dai_list链表上去

		dev_dbg(dev, "ASoC: Registered DAI '%s'\n", dai->name);
	}

	return 0;

err:
	snd_soc_unregister_dais(component);

	return ret;
}

dai driver的注册需要一个component，这个component可以是单独的component，也可以是和platform/codec共用