JUC详解-9-阻塞队列BlockingQueue及BlockingQueue四组API

JUC 详解 -> BlockingQueue

1. BlockingQueue阻塞队列

• 阻塞
• 队列 FIFO
  • 写入：如果队列满了，就必须阻塞等待
  • 取：如果队列是空的，必须阻塞等待生产
    

什么情况下使用阻塞队列？

多线程并发处理；线程池！

• 使用队列？

  • 添加；
  • 移除

2. BlockingQueue四组API

方式	抛出异常	不会抛出异常，有返回值	阻塞等待	超时等待
添加	add(E e)	offer(E e)	put()	offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
移除	remove()	poll()	take()	poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
检测队首元素	element()	peek()	——	——

1. 抛出异常

   import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
   
   public class BlockingQueueTest {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           test01();
       }
       /**
        * 1、抛出异常
        */
       public static void test01(){
           //队列大小
           ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
           //返回true
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("a"));
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("b"));
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("c"));
   
           //java.lang.IllegalStateException: Queue full 抛出异常！
           //System.out.println(blockingQueue.add("d"));
           
           //查看队首元素, 返回a
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.element());
   
           //按FIFO(a-b-c)弹出
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
           //查看队首元素, 返回b
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.element());
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
   
           //java.util.NoSuchElementException  抛出异常
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.remove());
       }
   

2. 有返回值，不抛出异常

   import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
   
   public class BlockingQueueTest {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           test02();
       }
       /**
        * 2、有返回值，不抛出异常
        */
       public static void test02(){
           ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
           //返回true
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("a"));
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("b"));
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("c"));
           //检测队首元素 返回a
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.peek());
           //返回false,不抛出异常
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.offer("d"));
   
           //按FIFO a-b-c弹出
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
           //返回null，抛出异常
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
       }
   }
   

3. 阻塞等待

   import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
   
   public class BlockingQueueTest {
       public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
           test03();
       }
   
       /**
        * 3、等待，阻塞（一直阻塞）
        */
       public static void test03() throws InterruptedException {
           ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
           //添加，无返回值
           blockingQueue.put("a");
           blockingQueue.put("b");
           blockingQueue.put("c");
           //队列满了，没有位置了，一直阻塞
           //blockingQueue.put("d");
   
           //按FIFO a-b-c拿出元素
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
           
           //队列空了，没有元素了，一直阻塞
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.take());
       }
   }
   

4. 超时等待

   import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
   import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
   
   public class BlockingQueueTest {
       public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
           test04();
       }
       /**
        * 4、等待，阻塞（等待超时）
        */
       //offer() 和 poll()的重载方法
       public static void test04() throws InterruptedException {
           ArrayBlockingQueue blockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);
           blockingQueue.offer("a");
           blockingQueue.offer("b");
           blockingQueue.offer("c");
   
           //blockingQueue.offer("d",2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  //等待超过2秒，就退出
   
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
           System.out.println(blockingQueue.poll());
   
           blockingQueue.poll(2,TimeUnit.SECONDS); //等待超过2秒，就退出 
       }
   }