数据分析1之numpy

1.常用库

1. numpy        基础数值算法
2. scipy               科学计算
3. matplotlib      数据可视化
4. pandas           序列高级函数

2.numpy基本使用

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(type(arr))

print(arr*3)          # [ 3  6  9 12]

print(arr > 3)         # [False False False  True]
print(arr+arr)         # [2 4 6 8]

# arange使用
arr = np.arange(0, 5, 1)
print(arr)            # [0 1 2 3 4]

# zeros
arr = np.zeros(5, dtype='int32')    # [0 0 0 0 0]
print(arr)

# ones
arr = np.ones((2, 3))            # [[1. 1. 1.] [1. 1. 1.]]
print(arr)

# ones_like(), zeros_like()
arr1 = np.ones_like(arr)
arr2 = np.zeros_like(arr)
print(arr1)                      # [[1. 1. 1.] [1. 1. 1.]]
print(arr2)                      # [[0. 0. 0.] [0. 0. 0.]]
print(arr1.dtype)                # float64
# 数组维度
print(arr1.shape)                # (2, 3)
arr3 = arr1.reshape(3, 2)
print(arr3)                      # [[1. 1.] [1. 1.] [1. 1.]]

print(arr3.shape)                # (3, 2)
print(arr1.shape)                # (2, 3)

# 类型转换
print(arr1.dtype)                # float64
arr4 = arr1.astype(int)
print(arr4.dtype)                # int64
print(arr1.dtype)                # float64

# 元素个数
print(arr1.size)                 # 6
print(len(arr1))                 # 2

# 索引访问
print(arr1[0])                   # [1. 1. 1.]
print(arr1[0][0])                # 1.0
print(arr1[0, 0])                # 1.0

# 循环输出
arr = np.arange(1, 28)
arr.shape = (3, 3, 3)
for i in range(arr.shape[0]):
    for j in range(arr.shape[1]):
        for k in range(arr.shape[2]):
            print(arr[i, j, k], end=' ')
        print()
    print()

3.基本数据类型