设计模式（十七）原型模式（Prototype）

原型模式（Prototype）

解释

Object.clone()就是原型模式的一个经典应用

类图

代码

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Person p1 = new Person();
        Person p2 = (Person)p1.clone();
        System.out.println(p2.age + " " + p2.score);
        System.out.println(p2.loc);

        System.out.println(p1.loc == p2.loc);
        p1.loc.street = "sh";
        System.out.println(p2.loc);

        p1.loc.street.replace("sh", "sz");
        System.out.println(p2.loc.street);
    }
}

class Person implements Cloneable {
    int age = 8;
    int score = 100;

    Location loc = new Location("bj", 22);
    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Person p = (Person)super.clone();
        p.loc = (Location)loc.clone();
        return p;
    }
}

class Location implements Cloneable {
    String street;
    int roomNo;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Location{" +
                "street='" + street + '\'' +
                ", roomNo=" + roomNo +
                '}';
    }

    public Location(String street, int roomNo) {
        this.street = street;
        this.roomNo = roomNo;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

知识点

要重写clone方法 类必须实现Cloneable接口

Cloneable接口：标记型接口，没有方法

不实现接口，直接重写clone方法，调用时会报错。

浅克隆

• 只克隆对象

• 如果对象中存在对象，则克隆后的对象和克隆前的对象所指向的内存地址空间是相同的。修改克隆前对象的值会影响克隆后的值。

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    Person p1 = new Person();
    Person p2 = (Person)p1.clone();
    System.out.println(p2.age + " " + p2.score);
    System.out.println(p2.loc);
  
    System.out.println(p1.loc == p2.loc);
    p1.loc.street = "sh";
    System.out.println(p2.loc);
  
  }
  
  // ========
  // true 
  // shanghai 1
  // true
  // sh 1
  

深克隆

• 对象中的对象也实现Cloneable接口，克隆时顺便克隆内部对象。

  class Person implements Cloneable {
      int age = 8;
      int score = 100;
  
      Location loc = new Location("bj", 22);
      @Override
      public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
          Person p = (Person)super.clone();
          p.loc = (Location)loc.clone();
          return p;
      }
  }
  
  class Location implements Cloneable {
      String street;
      int roomNo;
  
      @Override
      public String toString() {
          return "Location{" +
                  "street='" + street + '\'' +
                  ", roomNo=" + roomNo +
                  '}';
      }
  
      public Location(String street, int roomNo) {
          this.street = street;
          this.roomNo = roomNo;
      }
  
      @Override
      public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
          return super.clone();
      }
  }
  

String也是引用类型，需要深拷贝吗？

• 不需要
• String是不可变的，变的时候会新建一个String对象
• new String则会变