设计模式--单例模式（以及多线程下懒汉式优化）

单例模式：保证某个类在项目中只能实例化一次,减小资源的浪费
懒汉式：在调用静态方法的时候分配内存
饿汉式：直接分配内存

懒汉式

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

/*
	单例模式：保证某个类在项目中只能实例化一次,减小资源的浪费
*/

class socketer
{
private:
	socketer()
	{
		cout << "socketer执行" << endl;
	}
	~socketer()
	{
		delete _socket;
		_socket = NULL;
		cout << "_socket被释放" << endl;
	}
public:
	static socketer *getSocketer()
	{
		if (_socket == NULL)
		{
			_socket = new socketer;
		}
		return _socket;
	}
	void deleteSocket()
	{
		if (_socket != NULL)
		{
			delete _socket;
			_socket = NULL;
			cout << "_socket被释放" << endl;
		}

	}

	static socketer *_socket;
	
};
socketer *socketer::_socket = NULL;

int main()
{
	socketer *p1 = socketer::getSocketer();
	socketer *p2 = socketer::getSocketer();

	cout << p1 << endl;
	cout << p2 << endl;
	//p1->deleteSocket();
	//p1 == p2 即p1,p2指向同一块内存空间
	return 0;
}

当懒汉式遇到多线程的时候，会引起资源竞争问题，也就是，类会实例化多次，
即懒汉式遇到多线程时，不是线程安全函数，需要使用mutex进行线程保护。
以下测试代码中可以将tex.lock();tex.unlock();注释掉，会发现构造函数执行两次，即类被实例化两次

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>

using namespace std;

mutex tex;

class socketer
{
private:
	socketer()
	{
		cout << "socketer执行" << endl;
	}
	~socketer()
	{
		delete _socket;
		_socket = NULL;
		cout << "_socket被释放" << endl;
	}
public:
	static socketer *getSocketer()
	{
		tex.lock();
		if (_socket == NULL)
		{
			_socket = new socketer;
		}
		tex.unlock();
		return _socket;
	}
	void threadText()
	{
		getSocketer();
	}
	void deleteSocket()
	{
		if (_socket != NULL)
		{
			delete _socket;
			_socket = NULL;
			cout << "_socket被释放" << endl;
		}

	}

	static socketer *_socket;

	
};
socketer *socketer::_socket = NULL;

int main()
{
	socketer *p1 ;
	socketer *p2 ;

	thread thread1(&socketer::threadText, p1);
	thread thread2(&socketer::threadText, p2);

	thread1.join();
	thread2.join();


	return 0;
}

饿汉式
类实例化在main函数之前

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

/*
	单例模式：保证某个类在项目中只能实例化一次,减小资源的浪费
*/

class socketer
{
private:
	socketer()
	{
		cout << "socketer执行" << endl;
	}
	~socketer()
	{
		delete _socket;
		_socket = NULL;
		cout << "_socket被释放" << endl;
	}
public:
	static socketer *getSocketer()
	{
		return _socket;
	}
	void deleteSocket()
	{
		if (_socket != NULL)
		{
			delete _socket;
			_socket = NULL;
			cout << "_socket被释放" << endl;
		}

	}

	static socketer *_socket;
	
};
socketer *socketer::_socket = new socketer;

int main()
{
	socketer *p1 = socketer::getSocketer();
	socketer *p2 = socketer::getSocketer();

	cout << p1 << endl;
	cout << p2 << endl;
	//p1->deleteSocket();
	//p1 == p2 即p1,p2指向同一块内存空间
	return 0;
}

单例模式个人小建议
现在电脑资源十分丰富，单例模式尽量使用饿汉式
如果你的代码需要运行在资源十分紧张的嵌入式系统下，可以选择使用懒汉式，但是需要进行线程保护