JavaWeb-功能扩展-邮件发送

JavaWeb-功能扩展-邮件发送

1.依赖

  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
            <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.以QQ邮箱为例发送简单邮件(纯文本)

打开设置QQ邮箱的邮件服务

后端代码

public class EasyMail {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("mail.host","stmp.qq.com");//设置QQ邮箱服务器
        properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//需要验证用户名密码

        //QQ邮箱需要SSL加密,
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory",sf);

//使用JavaMail 发送邮件的5个步骤
        //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的Session对象
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                return new PasswordAuthentication("你的邮箱","授权码");
            }
        });
        //开启Session的debug模式,以查看程序发送邮件的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);
        //2.通过session得到transport对象
        Transport ts = session.getTransport();
        //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
        ts.connect("smtp.qq.com","你的邮箱","授权码");
        //4.创建邮件
        //需要传递session
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

        //发件人
        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("你的邮箱"));
        //收件人
        message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress("收件人邮箱"));
        //邮件主题
        message.setSubject("easy mail");
        //邮件内容
        message.setContent("<h1 style='color:red'>hello! I'm testing</h1>","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        //5.发送邮件
        ts.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());
        System.out.println("发送成功");
        //关闭连接
        ts.close();
    }
}

3.发送带多媒体(甚至附件)的邮件

public class MixMail {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("mail.host","stmp.qq.com");//设置QQ邮箱服务器
        properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
        properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//需要验证用户名密码

        //QQ邮箱需要SSL加密,
        MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
        sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
        properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory",sf);

//使用JavaMail 发送邮件的5个步骤
        //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的Session对象
        Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
            @Override
            protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                return new PasswordAuthentication("你的邮箱","授权码");
            }
        });
        //开启Session的debug模式,以查看程序发送邮件的运行状态
        session.setDebug(true);
        //2.通过session得到transport对象
        Transport ts = session.getTransport();
        //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
        ts.connect("smtp.qq.com","你的邮箱","授权码");
        //4.创建邮件
        //需要传递session
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
        //发件人
        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("你的邮箱"));
        //收件人
        message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress("对方邮箱"));
        //邮件主题
        message.setSubject("mix mail");

        //准备图片的数据
        MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
        //图片需要经过数据处理   DataHandler:数据处理
        DataHandler dh = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("E:\\learnJava\\JavaWeb\\FunctionExtension\\mail\\src\\akali.jpg"));
        image.setDataHandler(dh);//在body中放入该图片数据
        image.setContentID("a.jpg");//给图片ID 便于引用(cid)

        //准备正文数据
        MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
        text.setContent("这是一封邮件正文带图片<img src='cid:a.jpg'>的邮件","text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        //附件
        MimeBodyPart fj = new MimeBodyPart();
        fj.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("E:\\learnJava\\JavaWeb\\FunctionExtension\\mail\\src\\db.properties")));
        fj.setFileName("db.properties");

        //封装
        MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
        mm.addBodyPart(text);
        mm.addBodyPart(image);
        mm.addBodyPart(fj);
        mm.setSubType("mixed");//mixed>related>text
        //保存
        message.setContent(mm);
        message.saveChanges();

        //5.发送邮件
        ts.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());
        System.out.println("发送成功");
        //关闭连接
        ts.close();
    }
}

3.实现注册时发送邮件至用户邮箱

获取前端的邮箱信息,将其和用户名密码等封装发送给后端,并将上面得代码加以改造(将邮箱字符串用封装的变量代替)

前端的界面

index.jsp 注册界面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Register</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RegisterServlet.do" method="post">
    <P><label for="username">用户名:</label><input type="text" name="username" ></P>
    <P><label for="password">密码:</label><input type="text" name="password" ></P>
    <P><label for="email">邮箱:</label><input type="text" name="email" ></P>
    <p><input type="submit" value="注册"></p>
  </form>
  </body>
</html>

info.jsp 注册后返回的界面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="color: brown">${message}</h1>
</body>
</html>

后端

这里使用多线程来优化用户的使用体验,不要让浏览器界面等待邮件发送(转圈圈)

实体类User封装用户名,密码,邮箱等信息

public class User implements Serializable {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password, String email) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

SendMail.java 发送邮件的线程类

//多线程提升用户体验
public class SendMail extends Thread{
    //给用户发送邮件的邮箱
    private String from = "你的邮箱";
    //邮箱的用户名
    private String username = "你的邮箱";
    //密码(授权码)
    private String password = "授权码";
    //发送邮件的服务器地址
    private String host = "smtp.qq.com";

    private User user;
    public SendMail(User user){
        this.user = user;
    }


    @Override
    public void run() {

        try {
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.setProperty("mail.host","stmp.qq.com");//设置QQ邮箱服务器
            properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
            properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");//需要验证用户名密码

            //QQ邮箱需要SSL加密,
            MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
            sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
            properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable","true");
            properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory",sf);

//使用JavaMail 发送邮件的5个步骤
            //1.创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的Session对象
            Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    return new PasswordAuthentication("你的邮箱","授权码");
                }
            });
            //开启Session的debug模式,以查看程序发送邮件的运行状态
            session.setDebug(true);
            //2.通过session得到transport对象
            Transport ts = session.getTransport();
            //3.使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器
            ts.connect(host,username,password);
            //4.创建邮件
            //需要传递session
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

            //发件人
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
            //收件人
            message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
            //邮件主题
            message.setSubject("用户注册邮件");
            //邮件内容
            String info = "恭喜您注册成功!</br>您的用户名:"+user.getUsername() +"</br>您的密码:"+user.getPassword()+"</br>请妥善保存,如有问题请拨打110";
            message.setContent(info,"text/html;charset=UTF-8");
            message.saveChanges();
            //5.发送邮件
            ts.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());
            //关闭连接
            ts.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

RegisterServlet.java 接收返回数据,控制页面跳转

public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //接收用户请求,封装成对象
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String email = req.getParameter("email");

        User user = new User(username,password,email);
        //用户注册成功之后,给用户发送一封邮件
        //使用线程专门发送邮件,防止出现转圈圈,和注册人数过多时出现的问题
        SendMail send = new SendMail(user);
        //启动线程
        send.start();

        //
        req.setAttribute("message","注册成功,我们已经发送了一封带有注册信息的电子邮件,请查收!若网络存在波动,请稍等(●'◡'●)");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req,resp);

    }
}