10 隐式intent

添加嫌疑人信息至模型层

为Crime添加成员变量

Crime.java

public class Crime {
    //...
    private String mSuspect;
    private String mPhone;
    //...
}

添加数据库字段

CrimeDbSchema.java

public class CrimeDbSchema {
    //数据表
    public static final class CrimeTable {
        //表名
        public static final String NAME = "crimes";
        //表的字段
        public static final class Cols {
            //...
            public static final String SUSPECT = "suspect";
            public static final String PHONE = "phone";
        }
    }
}

CrimeBaseHelper.java

@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
    //执行创建数据表的SQL语句
    db.execSQL("create table " + CrimeTable.NAME +
            "(" +
            " _id integer primary key autoincrement, " +
            CrimeTable.Cols.UUID + ", " +
            CrimeTable.Cols.TITLE + ", " +
            CrimeTable.Cols.DATE + ", " +
            CrimeTable.Cols.SOLVED + ", " +
            CrimeTable.Cols.SUSPECT + ", " +
            CrimeTable.Cols.PHONE +
            ")"
    );
}

CrimeLab.java

//根据crime创建ContentValues并返回
private static ContentValues getContentValues(Crime crime) {
    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
    //...
    values.put(CrimeTable.Cols.SUSPECT, crime.getSuspect());
    values.put(CrimeTable.Cols.PHONE, crime.getPhone());

    return values;
}

添加读取信息语句

CrimeCursorWrapper.java

public Crime getCrime() {
    //...
    String suspect = getString(getColumnIndex(CrimeTable.Cols.SUSPECT));
    String phone = getString(getColumnIndex(CrimeTable.Cols.PHONE));

    Crime crime = new Crime(UUID.fromString(uuidString));
    //...
    crime.setSuspect(suspect);
    crime.setPhone(phone);

    return crime;
}

---

使用格式化字符串

添加字符串资源

strings.xml

<resources>
    ...
    <string name="crime_report">
        [%1$s] 创建于 %2$s （%3$s），%4$s。
    </string>
    <string name="crime_report_solved">已经被解决了</string>
    <string name="crime_report_unsolved">还没有被解决</string>
    <string name="crime_report_no_suspect">没有嫌疑人</string>
    <string name="crime_report_suspect">嫌疑人是「%s」</string>
    <string name="crime_report_subject">陋习记录报告</string>
    <string name="send_report">发送报告到：</string>
</resources>

新增getCrimeReport()方法

CrimeFragment.java

private String getCrimeReport() {
    
    String solvedString = null;
    if (mCrime.isSolved()) solvedString = getString(R.string.crime_report_solved);
    else solvedString = getString(R.string.crime_report_unsolved);

    String dateFormat = "MM月dd日 EEE kk:mm";
    String dateString = DateFormat.format(dateFormat, mCrime.getDate()).toString();

    String suspect = mCrime.getSuspect();
    if (suspect == null) suspect = getString(R.string.crime_report_no_suspect);
    else suspect = getString(R.string.crime_report_suspect, suspect);

    String report = getString(R.string.crime_report, mCrime.getTitle(), dateString, solvedString, suspect);

    Log.d(TAG, "陋习报告：" + report);

    return report;
}

---

使用隐式intent

• 使用显式intent，我们需要指定要操作系统启动哪个activity。
• 使用隐式intent，只需告诉操作系统我们想要做什么，操作系统就会去启动能够胜任工作任务的activity。如果找到多个符合的activity，用户会看到一个可选应用列表。

隐式intent的组成

1. 要执行的操作

   • 访问某个URL，使用Intent.ACTION_VIEW
   • 发送邮件，使用Intent.ACTION_SEND

2. 要访问数据的位置

   • 某个网页的URL
   • 指向某个文件的URI
   • 指向ContentProvider中某条记录的某个content URI

3. 操作涉及的数据类型

   • text/html
   • audio/mpeg3

4. 可选类别（何时、何地或者如何使用某个activity）

发送消息

CrimeFragment.onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)

mReportButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Log.d(TAG, "发送陋习报告...");

        //隐式intent要执行的操作[发送邮件]
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);

        //隐式intent操作的数据类型[不指向任何数据、不包含任何类别]
        intent.setType("text/plain");

        //附加消息内容
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, getCrimeReport());

        //附加消息主题
        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, getString(R.string.crime_report_subject));

        //创建每次都显示activity选择器
        intent = Intent.createChooser(intent, getString(R.string.send_report));

        startActivity(intent);
    }
});

获取联系人信息

发送隐式intent

CrimeFragment.onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)

//隐式intent要执行的操作为[显示联系人]，要访问的数据位置为[ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI]
final Intent pickContact = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI);

mSuspectButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Log.d(TAG, "选择嫌疑人...");

        startActivityForResult(pickContact, REQUEST_CONTACT);
    }
});

获取联系人姓名

CrimeFragment.onActivityResult(int, int, Intent)

if (requestCode == REQUEST_CONTACT) {
    //数据定位符，指向用户所选联系人
    Uri contactUri = data.getData();

    //要查询的字段
    String[] queryFields = new String[] { ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, ContactsContract.Contacts._ID };

    //返回查询结果（只有一条）
    Cursor cursor = getActivity().getContentResolver().query(contactUri, queryFields, null, null, null);

    String suspectId = null;
    try {
        if (cursor.getCount() == 0) return;

        cursor.moveToFirst();
        String suspect = cursor.getString(0);
        suspectId = cursor.getString(1);
        mCrime.setSuspect(suspect);
        mSuspectButton.setText("已选择嫌疑人「" + suspect + "」");
        Log.d(TAG, "已选择嫌疑人「" + suspect + "」");
    }
    finally {
        cursor.close();
    }
}

检查可响应任务的activity

如果设备没有联系人应用，就禁用选择嫌疑人按钮：

//检查是否存在联系人应用，没有就禁用按钮
//PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY表示只搜索带CATEGORY_DEFAULT标志的activity
Intent pickContact = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI);
PackageManager packageManager = getActivity().getPackageManager();
if (packageManager.resolveActivity(pickContact, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY) == null) mSuspectButton.setEnabled(false);

为测试上述代码，添加类别给intent，使任何联系人应用都不和此intent匹配：

pickContact.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);

---

实现拨打联系人电话

添加权限使用声明

AndroidManifest.xml

<manifest
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.criminalintent">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />

    <application
        ...
    </application>
</manifest>

申请权限

CrimeFragment.onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)

private static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION_CONTACT = 3;
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getActivity(), Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(getActivity(), new String[] { Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS }, REQUEST_PERMISSION_CONTACT);
}

可在托管activity中重写授权回调方法

CrimePagerActivity.java

private static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION_CONTACT = 3;
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case REQUEST_PERMISSION_CONTACT:
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
                Toast.makeText(this, "已获取读取联系人权限。", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            else
                Toast.makeText(this, "获取权限失败。", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            return;

        default:
    }
}

获取联系人电话

为获取联系人电话，首先查询联系人的ContactsContract.Contacts._ID，在根据此ID查询ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone表，得到指定ID联系人的电话ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER。

CrimeFragment.onActivityResult(int, int, Intent)

if (requestCode == REQUEST_CONTACT) {
    //数据定位符，指向用户所选联系人
    Uri contactUri = data.getData();

    //要查询的字段
    String[] queryFields = new String[] { ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, ContactsContract.Contacts._ID };

    //返回查询结果（只有一条）
    Cursor cursor = getActivity().getContentResolver().query(contactUri, queryFields, null, null, null);

    String suspectId = null;
    try {
        if (cursor.getCount() == 0) return;

        cursor.moveToFirst();
        String suspect = cursor.getString(0);
        suspectId = cursor.getString(1);
        mCrime.setSuspect(suspect);
        mSuspectButton.setText("已选择嫌疑人「" + suspect + "」");
        Log.d(TAG, "已选择嫌疑人「" + suspect + "」");
    }
    finally {
        cursor.close();
    }

    queryFields = new String[] { ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER };
    String whereClause = ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID + " = ?";
    String[] whereArgs = new String[] { suspectId };
    cursor = getActivity().getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, queryFields, whereClause, whereArgs, null);
    try {
        if (cursor.getCount() == 0) return;

        cursor.moveToFirst();
        String phone = cursor.getString(0);
        mCrime.setPhone(phone);
        mDialSuspectButton.setText("拨打嫌疑人电话「" + phone + "」");
        mDialSuspectButton.setEnabled(true);
        Log.d(TAG, "嫌疑人电话「" + phone + "」");
    }
    finally {
        cursor.close();
    }
}

拨打电话

创建隐式intent，实现拨打电话操作：

CrimeFragment.onCreateView(LayoutInflater, ViewGroup, Bundle)

mDialSuspectButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Log.d(TAG, "拨打嫌疑人电话「" + mCrime.getPhone() + "」...");

        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL);
        Uri number = Uri.parse("tel:" + mCrime.getPhone());
        intent.setData(number);

        startActivity(intent);
    }
});