vc 估测函数运算时间

看下面的代码

#include "stdlib.h" #include "time.h" #include "iostream.h" void my_subroutine(long n) { // this routine just does something that // takes some time so we can illustrate // timing a subroutine call: char s[16]; for (long i = 0; i < n; i++) { _itoa(i, s, sizeof(s)); } } int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { long n = 1000000; clock_t start = clock(); my_subroutine(n); clock_t finish = clock(); double duration = (double)(finish - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; cout << "Time for " << n << " iterations: " << duration << "s," << " precision is " << CLOCKS_PER_SEC << " clocks per second." << endl; return 0; }

 

我们看看结果

Time for 1000000 iterations: 4.12s, precision is 1000 clocks per second

 

clock_t clock(void) ;

　　这个函数返回从“开启这个程序进程”到“程序中调用clock()函数”时之间的CPU时钟计时单元（clock tick）数，在MSDN中称之为挂钟时间（wal-clock）；若挂钟时间不可取，则返回-1。

只能精确到毫秒。。

如果我们想要更加准确的时间怎么办呢？？

 

我们看一个高精度的 记时函数

 

// precise.c -- measure time using precision timer // // based on sample code from Microsoft: see // http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/techart/optcode.htm#optcode_topic4 // // in the original example, you passed a function into a timing // routine and got back a number. //ms给的例子 // // in my modifications, you call precise_start() to start timing, and then // precise_stop() to stop timing. The result is a double measuring seconds // (as in the original code), so that you do not have to deal with strange // units and clock frequencies. //作者的改进，即第一个区别 // // the original code tries to run pending Windows messages before calling // the function, and sets the priority to the highest possible, but this // code does not. I recommend that you take the minimum, maximum, or mean // over many calls, depending upon what you are looking for. //第二个区别 // // finally, the original code used LARGE_INTEGER rather than __int64, which // is not supported by earlier compilers, but which is much easier to use. // I converted the code to use __int64, which is much easier to understand. //第三个区别 #include "windows.h" #include "time.h" #include "precise.h" static enum { ttuUnknown, ttuHiRes, ttuClock } TimerToUse = ttuUnknown; static LARGE_INTEGER PerfFreq; // ticks per second static __int64 OverheadTicks; // overhead in calling timer 开销 static LARGE_INTEGER tStart; //起始时间 /* --------- msdn -------------- typedef union _LARGE_INTEGER { struct { DWORD LowPart; LONG HighPart; }; LONGLONG QuadPart; } LARGE_INTEGER, *PLARGE_INTEGER; */ // precision_read -- this function acts just like precision_stop(), but // it returns the raw timer value. It is used to estimate the overhead // of calling precision_stop(). // static __int64 precise_read() { LARGE_INTEGER tStop; if (TimerToUse == ttuHiRes) { //-------------- msdn------------ //The QueryPerformanceCounter function retrieves the current value of the high-resolution performance counter, if one exists. //--------------------- QueryPerformanceCounter(&tStop); } else { tStop.QuadPart = 0; // this branch should never be taken } return tStop.QuadPart - tStart.QuadPart; } // DetermineTimer -- see if we can use the precision timer // // If the precision timer can be used, the timer frequency and // the overhead of calling timer routines is estimated for use // in real measurements by calling precision_start() & _stop() functions. // static void DetermineTimer() { // Assume the worst ，假设的是不支持高分辩率的 TimerToUse = ttuClock; //The QueryPerformanceFrequency function retrieves the frequency of the high-resolution performance counter //If the installed hardware supports a high-resolution performance counter, the return value is nonzero. //If the function fails, the return value is zero. if (QueryPerformanceFrequency(&PerfFreq)) { // We can use hires timer, determine overhead TimerToUse = ttuHiRes; //运行到这里，说明是支持高分辨率的 //下面，确定开销，起始值是200，测试20次，找一个最小的 OverheadTicks = 200; for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { __int64 Ticks; precise_start(); Ticks = precise_read(); if (Ticks >= 0 && Ticks < OverheadTicks) OverheadTicks = Ticks; } } return; } //设置tStart的值 void precise_start() { if (TimerToUse == ttuUnknown) DetermineTimer(); if (TimerToUse == ttuHiRes) { //-------------- msdn------------ //The QueryPerformanceCounter function retrieves the current value of the high-resolution performance counter, if one exists. //--------------------- QueryPerformanceCounter(&tStart); //高分辨率的时候，tStart＝高分辨率下的数值 } else { tStart.QuadPart = clock(); //ttuClock } } double precise_stop() { LARGE_INTEGER tStop; double time; if (TimerToUse == ttuHiRes) { QueryPerformanceCounter(&tStop); time = ( (double) (tStop.QuadPart - tStart.QuadPart - OverheadTicks) ) / PerfFreq.QuadPart; } else { tStop.QuadPart = clock(); time = ((double) (tStop.QuadPart - tStart.QuadPart)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; } return time; }