推送通知服务

概述

　　Windows Phone 中的Microsoft Push Notification Service向第三方开发人员提供了一个弹性，专注，而且持续的渠道，使得开发人员可以从web service向移动应用程序发送信息和更新。

　　过去移动应用程序需要经常主动去调查其相应的Web服务，以了解是否有任何等待处理的通知。这样做虽然有效，但是会导致手机的无线设备频繁打开，从而对电池续航时间带来负面影响． 使用推送通知的方式取代主动调查，web service能够提醒应用程序获取所需要的重要更新。

 

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　图 1　　推送 Notifications

　　当一个Web service有信息要发送到应用程序，它先发送一个通知到Push Notification Service，该服务随后将通知路由到应用程序。根据推送通知的格式和装载量，信息作为原始数据传递到应用程序，应用程序的标题明显地更新或显示一个Toast通知。然后如果需要的话应用程序可以使用自己的协议联系web service以获取更新。

　　 Push Notification Service 在推送通知发送后向你的 web service 发送一个回复码．然而， Push Notification Service 不能为你的推送提醒是否成功传递到应用程序提供端到端的确认．了解更多信息，请参考 Push Notification Service Response Codes for Windows Phone

推送消息过程：

 

　　　　　　　　　　图 2

1. WP设备到MSNS注册PN服务，并得到唯一的服务URI
   
2. WP设备把服务URI传递给Cloud服务，并注册
3. 当有更新消息发送时，Cloud服务往MSNS服务发送更新消息
4. MSNS把更新消息发送到WP设备
5. 需要时WP设备往Cloud服务读取更多的数据
   

 

推送通知服务类型：

• Raw Notification
  • 可以发送任何格式的数据
  • 应用程序可以根据需要加工数据
  • 应用程序相关（Application-specific）的通知消息
  • 只有在应用程序运行时，才发送
    
• Toast Notification
  • 发送的数据为指定的XML格式
  • 如果应用程序正在运行，内容发送到应用程序中
  • 如果应用程序不在运行，弹出Toast消息框显示消息
    • App图标加上2个文本描述
    • 打断用户当前操作，但这是临时的
    • 用户可以点击进行跟踪
      
• Title Notification
  • 发送的数据为指定的XML格式
  • 不会往应用程序进行发送
  • 如果用户把应用程序pin to start，那么更新数据发送到start screen的titile里
    • 包含三个属性，背景，标题和计算器
    • 每个属性都有固定的格式与位置
    • 可以使用其中的属性，不一定三个属性一起使用
      

示例1：（摘自Webcast）

首先建立服务端Windows窗体程序，相当于图2中的Your Cloud Application，界面如下

 

 加入“发送”按钮事件：

View Code

private   void  button1_Click( object  sender, EventArgs e)
        {
             string  msg  =  String.Format( " {0}{1}, {2}度 " , LocationComboBox.Text,
                    WeatherComboBox.Text, TemperatureTextBox.Text);
             string  type  =  NotificationTypeComboBox.Text  as   string ;
             if  (type  ==   " Raw " )
            {
                 byte [] strBytes  =   new  UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(msg);
                SendRawNotification(strBytes);
            }
             else   if  (type  ==   " Toast " )
            {
                 string  toastMessage  =   " <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> "   +
                         " <wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\"> "   +
                            " <wp:Toast> "   +
                               " <wp:Text1>天气更新</wp:Text1> "   +
                               " <wp:Text2> "   +  msg  +   " </wp:Text2> "   +
                            " </wp:Toast> "   +
                         " </wp:Notification> " ;
                 byte [] strBytes  =   new  UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(toastMessage);
                SendToastNotification(strBytes);
            }
             else   if  (type  ==   " Tile " )
            {
                 string  tileMessage  =   " <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> "   +
                     " <wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\"> "   +
                        " <wp:Tile> "   +
                           " <wp:BackgroundImage>/Images/ "   +  WeatherComboBox.Text  +   " .png</wp:BackgroundImage> "   +
                           " <wp:Count> "   +  TemperatureTextBox.Text  +   " </wp:Count> "   +
                           " <wp:Title> "   +  LocationComboBox.Text  +   " </wp:Title> "   +
                        " </wp:Tile>  "   +
                     " </wp:Notification> " ;
                 byte [] strBytes  =   new  UTF8Encoding().GetBytes(tileMessage);
                SendTileNotification(strBytes);
            }
        }

加入Raw Notification的方法：

View Code

private   void  SendRawNotification( byte [] Payload)
        {
             //  The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.
            HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest  =  (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);

             //  HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.
            sendNotificationRequest.Method  =  WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;

             //  The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the 
             //  same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers[ " X-MessageID " ]  =  Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

             //  Sets raw notification
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentType  =   " text/xml; charset=utf-8 " ;
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add( " X-NotificationClass " ,  " 3 " );
             //  Possible batching interval values:
             //  3: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
             //  13: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
             //  23: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.

             //  Sets the web request content length.
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength  =  Payload.Length;

             //  Sets the notification payload to send.
             byte [] notificationMessage  =  Payload;

             //  Sends the notification.
             using  (Stream requestStream  =  sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
            {
                requestStream.Write(notificationMessage,  0 , notificationMessage.Length);
            }

             //  Gets the response.
            HttpWebResponse response  =  (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
             string  notificationStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-NotificationStatus " ];
             string  notificationChannelStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-SubscriptionStatus " ];
             string  deviceConnectionStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-DeviceConnectionStatus " ];
            MsgLabel.Text  =  String.Format( " 通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2} " ,
                notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);
        }

加入Toast Notification类型的方法：

View Code

private   void  SendToastNotification( byte [] Payload)
        {
             //  The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.
            HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest  =  (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);

             //  HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.
            sendNotificationRequest.Method  =  WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;

             //  The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the 
             //  same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers[ " X-MessageID " ]  =  Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

             //  Sets toast notification
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentType  =   " text/xml; charset=utf-8 " ;
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add( " X-WindowsPhone-Target " ,  " toast " );
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add( " X-NotificationClass " ,  " 2 " );
             //  Possible batching interval values:
             //  2: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
             //  12: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
             //  22: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.

             //  Sets the web request content length.
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength  =  Payload.Length;

             //  Sets the notification payload to send.
             byte [] notificationMessage  =  Payload;

             //  Sends the notification.
             using  (Stream requestStream  =  sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
            {
                requestStream.Write(notificationMessage,  0 , notificationMessage.Length);
            }

             //  Gets the response.
            HttpWebResponse response  =  (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
             string  notificationStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-NotificationStatus " ];
             string  notificationChannelStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-SubscriptionStatus " ];
             string  deviceConnectionStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-DeviceConnectionStatus " ];
            MsgLabel.Text  =  String.Format( " 通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2} " ,
                notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);
        }

 加入Tile Notification类型的方法：

View Code

private   void  SendTileNotification( byte [] Payload)
        {
             //  The URI that the Push Notification Service returns to the Push Client when creating a notification channel.
            HttpWebRequest sendNotificationRequest  =  (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(NotificationUriTextBox.Text);

             //  HTTP POST is the only allowed method to send the notification.
            sendNotificationRequest.Method  =  WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;

             //  The optional custom header X-MessageID uniquely identifies a notification message. If it is present, the 
             //  same value is returned in the notification response. It must be a string that contains a UUID.
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers[ " X-MessageID " ]  =  Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

             //  Sets toast notification
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentType  =   " text/xml; charset=utf-8 " ;
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add( " X-WindowsPhone-Target " ,  " token " );
            sendNotificationRequest.Headers.Add( " X-NotificationClass " ,  " 1 " );
             //  Possible batching interval values:
             //  1: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service immediately.
             //  11: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 450 seconds.
             //  21: The message is delivered by the Push Notification Service within 900 seconds.

             //  Sets the web request content length.
            sendNotificationRequest.ContentLength  =  Payload.Length;

             //  Sets the notification payload to send.
             byte [] notificationMessage  =  Payload;

             //  Sends the notification.
             using  (Stream requestStream  =  sendNotificationRequest.GetRequestStream())
            {
                requestStream.Write(notificationMessage,  0 , notificationMessage.Length);
            }

             //  Gets the response.
            HttpWebResponse response  =  (HttpWebResponse)sendNotificationRequest.GetResponse();
             string  notificationStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-NotificationStatus " ];
             string  notificationChannelStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-SubscriptionStatus " ];
             string  deviceConnectionStatus  =  response.Headers[ " X-DeviceConnectionStatus " ];
            MsgLabel.Text  =  String.Format( " 通知状态：{0}，管道状态：{1}，设备状态：{2} " ,
                notificationStatus, notificationChannelStatus, deviceConnectionStatus);
        }

 

 

新建Windows Phone Application，界面如下图所示：

 

在MainPage.xaml.cs类中添加字段代码

View Code

private  HttpNotificationChannel httpChannel;
         private   const   string  channelName  =   " Channel1 " ;

添加 “连接”按钮事件代码

View Code

private   void  button1_Click( object  sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            httpChannel  =  HttpNotificationChannel.Find(channelName);
             // Delete the Channel if exists
             if  (httpChannel  !=   null )
            {
                httpChannel.Close();

                httpChannel.Dispose();
            }
             // Create the channel
            httpChannel  =   new  HttpNotificationChannel(channelName,  " NotificationService " );

             // Register to UriUpdated event - occurs when channel successfully opens
             // WP设备到MSNS注册PN服务，并得到唯一的服务URI 
            httpChannel.ChannelUriUpdated  +=   new  EventHandler < NotificationChannelUriEventArgs > (httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated);

             // general error handling for push channel
            httpChannel.ErrorOccurred  +=   new  EventHandler < NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs > (httpChannel_ErrorOccurred);

             // Subscribed to Raw Notification
            httpChannel.HttpNotificationReceived  +=   new  EventHandler < HttpNotificationEventArgs > (httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived);

             // subscrive to toast notification when running app
             // 程序运行时收到消息
            httpChannel.ShellToastNotificationReceived  +=   new  EventHandler < NotificationEventArgs > (httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived);
            
             // Open the channel
            httpChannel.Open();

             // subscrive to toast notification
             // 程序没有运行时，消息会在WP设备顶部弹出显示
            httpChannel.BindToShellToast();

             // subscrive to tile notification            
            httpChannel.BindToShellTile();
        }

添加事件代码

View Code

void  httpChannel_ShellToastNotificationReceived( object  sender, NotificationEventArgs e)
        {
             string  msg  =   "" ;
             foreach  (var key  in  e.Collection.Keys)
            {
                msg  +=  key  +   " :  "   +  e.Collection[key]  +  Environment.NewLine;
            }
            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(()  =>
            {
                MsgTextBlock.Text  =  msg;
            });
        }

         void  httpChannel_HttpNotificationReceived( object  sender, HttpNotificationEventArgs e)
        {
             using  (var reader  =   new  StreamReader(e.Notification.Body))
            {
                 string  msg  =  reader.ReadToEnd();
                Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(()  =>
                {
                    MsgTextBlock.Text  =  msg;
                });
            }
        }

         void  httpChannel_ErrorOccurred( object  sender, NotificationChannelErrorEventArgs e)
        {
            Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(()  =>
            {
                MsgTextBlock.Text  =  e.Message;
            });
        }

         void  httpChannel_ChannelUriUpdated( object  sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)
        {
            Debug.WriteLine( " ChannelUri: {0} " , e.ChannelUri);
        }

示例1代码 

示例2：

本示例演示了Toast Notification的使用。示例包含3个项目：

1.WCF服务应用程序，模拟Cloud Application

IService1.cs

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Runtime.Serialization;
using  System.ServiceModel;
using  System.ServiceModel.Web;
using  System.Text;

namespace  WcfService1
{
    [ServiceContract]
     public   interface  IService1
    {
        [OperationContract]
         void  Subscribe( string  uri);

        [OperationContract]
         void  SendToast( string  title,  string  message);
    }

}

Service1.svc.cs

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Runtime.Serialization;
using  System.ServiceModel;
using  System.ServiceModel.Web;
using  System.Text;

using  System.Net;

namespace  WcfService1
{
     public   class  Service1 : IService1
    {
         private   static  Uri uri;

         public   void  Subscribe( string  subscriberUri)
        {
            uri  =   new  Uri(subscriberUri);
        }

         public   void  SendToast( string  title,  string  message)
        {
             string  toastMessage  =   " <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?> "   +
                 " <wp:Notification xmlns:wp=\"WPNotification\"> "   +
                    " <wp:Toast> "   +
                       " <wp:Text1> "   +  title  +   " </wp:Text1> "   +
                       " <wp:Text2> "   +  message  +   " </wp:Text2> "   +
                    " </wp:Toast> "   +
                 " </wp:Notification> " ;

             byte [] messageBytes  =  System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(toastMessage);
            SendMessage(uri, messageBytes);
        }


         private   static   void  SendMessage(Uri uri,  byte [] message)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request  =  (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);
            request.Method  =  WebRequestMethods.Http.Post;
            request.ContentType  =   " text/xml " ;
            request.ContentLength  =  message.Length;

            request.Headers.Add( " X-MessageID " , Guid.NewGuid().ToString());

            request.Headers[ " X-WindowsPhone-Target " ]  =   " toast " ;
            request.Headers.Add( " X-NotificationClass " ,  " 2 " );

            var requestStream  =  request.GetRequestStream();
            requestStream.Write(message,  0 , message.Length);
        }
    }


}

2.WPF应用程序，消息推送触发程序

MainWindow.xaml

< Window x:Class = " WpfApplication1.MainWindow "
        xmlns = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation "
        xmlns:x = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml "
        Title = " MainWindow "  Height = " 350 "  Width = " 525 " >
     < Grid >
         < Button Content = " Button "  Height = " 23 "  HorizontalAlignment = " Left "  Margin = " 218,101,0,0 "  Name = " button1 "  VerticalAlignment = " Top "  Width = " 75 "  Click = " button1_Click "   />
     </ Grid >
</ Window >

MainWindow.xaml.cs

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Linq;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Windows;
using  System.Windows.Controls;
using  System.Windows.Data;
using  System.Windows.Documents;
using  System.Windows.Input;
using  System.Windows.Media;
using  System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using  System.Windows.Navigation;
using  System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace  WpfApplication1
{
     ///   <summary>
     ///  Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
     ///   </summary>
     public   partial   class  MainWindow : Window
    {
         public  MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

         private   void  button1_Click( object  sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            ServiceReference1.Service1Client svc  =   new  ServiceReference1.Service1Client();
            svc.SendToast( " Check app " ,  " new data has arrived " );

        }
    }
}

app.config

<? xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " utf-8 "   ?>
< configuration >
     < system.serviceModel >
         < bindings >
             < basicHttpBinding >
                 < binding name = " BasicHttpBinding_IService1 "  closeTimeout = " 00:01:00 "
                    openTimeout = " 00:01:00 "  receiveTimeout = " 00:10:00 "  sendTimeout = " 00:01:00 "
                    allowCookies = " false "  bypassProxyOnLocal = " false "  hostNameComparisonMode = " StrongWildcard "
                    maxBufferSize = " 65536 "  maxBufferPoolSize = " 524288 "  maxReceivedMessageSize = " 65536 "
                    messageEncoding = " Text "  textEncoding = " utf-8 "  transferMode = " Buffered "
                    useDefaultWebProxy = " true " >
                     < readerQuotas maxDepth = " 32 "  maxStringContentLength = " 8192 "  maxArrayLength = " 16384 "
                        maxBytesPerRead = " 4096 "  maxNameTableCharCount = " 16384 "   />
                     < security mode = " None " >
                         < transport clientCredentialType = " None "  proxyCredentialType = " None "
                            realm = ""   />
                         < message clientCredentialType = " UserName "  algorithmSuite = " Default "   />
                     </ security >
                 </ binding >
             </ basicHttpBinding >
         </ bindings >
         < client >
             < endpoint address = " http://localhost:10317/Service1.svc "  binding = " basicHttpBinding "
                bindingConfiguration = " BasicHttpBinding_IService1 "  contract = " ServiceReference1.IService1 "
                name = " BasicHttpBinding_IService1 "   />
         </ client >
     </ system.serviceModel >
</ configuration >

3.Windows Phone Application，手机接收程序

MainPage.xaml

< phone:PhoneApplicationPage 
    x:Class = " WindowsPhoneApplication1.MainPage "
    xmlns = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation "
    xmlns:x = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml "
    xmlns:phone = " clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Controls;assembly=Microsoft.Phone "
    xmlns:shell = " clr-namespace:Microsoft.Phone.Shell;assembly=Microsoft.Phone "
    xmlns:d = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008 "
    xmlns:mc = " http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006 "
    FontFamily = " {StaticResource PhoneFontFamilyNormal} "
    FontSize = " {StaticResource PhoneFontSizeNormal} "
    Foreground = " {StaticResource PhoneForegroundBrush} "
    SupportedOrientations = " Portrait "  Orientation = " Portrait "
    mc:Ignorable = " d "  d:DesignWidth = " 480 "  d:DesignHeight = " 768 "
    shell:SystemTray.IsVisible = " True " >

     <!-- LayoutRoot contains the root grid  where  all other page content  is  placed -->
     < Grid x:Name = " LayoutRoot "  Background = " Transparent " >
         < Grid.RowDefinitions >
             < RowDefinition Height = " Auto " />
             < RowDefinition Height = " * " />
         </ Grid.RowDefinitions >

         <!-- TitlePanel contains the name of the application and page title -->
         < StackPanel x:Name = " TitlePanel "  Grid.Row = " 0 "  Margin = " 24,24,0,12 " >
             < TextBlock x:Name = " ApplicationTitle "  Text = " MY APPLICATION "  Style = " {StaticResource PhoneTextNormalStyle} " />
             < TextBlock x:Name = " PageTitle "  Text = " page name "  Margin = " -3,-8,0,0 "  Style = " {StaticResource PhoneTextTitle1Style} " />
         </ StackPanel >

         <!-- ContentPanel  -  place additional content here -->
         < Grid x:Name = " ContentGrid "  Grid.Row = " 1 " >
             < TextBlock Height = " 276 "  HorizontalAlignment = " Left "  Margin = " 48,108,0,0 "  Name = " textBlock1 "  Text = " TextBlock "  VerticalAlignment = " Top "  Width = " 350 "   />
         </ Grid >
     </ Grid >
</ phone:PhoneApplicationPage >

MainPage.xaml.cs

using  System;
using  System.Windows;
using  Microsoft.Phone.Controls;
using  Microsoft.Phone.Notification;

namespace  WindowsPhoneApplication1
{
     public   partial   class  MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage
    {
         private  HttpNotificationChannel channel;
         private   const   string  ChannelName  =   " MyChannel " ;

         public  MainPage()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            SetupNotificationChannel();
        }

         private   void  SetupNotificationChannel()
        {
            channel  =  HttpNotificationChannel.Find(ChannelName);

             if  (channel  ==   null )
            {
                channel  =   new  HttpNotificationChannel(ChannelName);
                channel.ChannelUriUpdated  +=   new  EventHandler < NotificationChannelUriEventArgs > (channel_ChannelUriUpdated);
                channel.Open();
            }
             else
            {
                RegisterForNotifications();
            }
        }

         void  channel_ChannelUriUpdated( object  sender, NotificationChannelUriEventArgs e)
        {
            channel  =  HttpNotificationChannel.Find(ChannelName);
            channel.BindToShellToast();
            RegisterForNotifications();
        }

         private   void  RegisterForNotifications()
        {
            ServiceReference1.Service1Client svc  =   new  ServiceReference1.Service1Client();
            svc.SubscribeAsync(channel.ChannelUri.ToString());

            channel.ShellToastNotificationReceived  +=  (s, e)  =>  Deployment.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(()  =>  ToastReceived(e));
        }

         private   void  ToastReceived(NotificationEventArgs e)
        {
            textBlock1.Text  =   string .Format( " Title:  "   +  e.Collection[ " wp:Text1 " ]  +   " \nMessage:  "   +  e.Collection[ " wp:Text2 " ]);
        }
    }

}

 

示例3：Windows Phone 7 SDK

微软提供的SDK示例，可以访问参考链接4 ，查看完整的示例代码。

 

参考链接：

1.Windows Phone 7 in 7: Push Notifications

http://www.msdev.com/Directory/Description.aspx?eventId=1885

 

2.Code Download 

http://blogs.itmentors.com/nancy

 

3.MSDN Webcast - Silverlight for Windows Phone 开发系列课程(12)：推送通知服务

https://msevents.microsoft.com/CUI/WebCastEventDetails.aspx?EventID=1032473761&EventCategory=3&culture=en-US&CountryCode=US

 

4.使用 Push Notifications实验文档和代码

http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/Windowsphone/default.aspx 

 

Receive Push Notifications in an Application for Windows Phone 

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff402556%28v=VS.92%29.aspx

 

 

 

 

 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/dnso/articles/1961814.html