HEX文件和有效的BIN数据大小关系

一个字节的数据，用文本来表示时，至少需要两字节，另外再加上地址以及其他信息，所以HEX文件是二进制文件大小的两倍还多。


QUESTION
What is the INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file format?
ANSWER
The INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file is an ASCII text file with LINEs of text that follow the
INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file format. Each LINE in an INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file contains one HEX record.
These records are made up of hexadecimal NUMBERs that represent machine
language code and/or constant data. INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX files are often used to transfer
the program and data that would be stored in a ROM or EPROM. Most EPROM
programmers or emulators can use INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX files.
Record Format
An INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file is composed of any NUMBER of HEX records. Each record is made
up of five fields that are arranged in the following format:
:ll AAAAtt[dd...]cc
Each GROUP of letters corresponds to a different field, and each letter
represents a SINGLE hexadecimal digit. Each field is composed of at least two
hexadecimal digits-which make up a byte-as described below:
: is the colon that starts every INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX record.
ll is the record-length field that represents the NUMBER of data bytes (dd) in
the record.
AAAA is the address field that represents the starting address for subsequent
data in the record.
tt is the field that represents the HEX record type, which may be one of the
following:
00 - data record
01 - end-of-file record
02 - extended segment address record
04 - extended LINEar address record
dd is a data field that represents one byte of data. A record may have multiple
data bytes. The NUMBER of data bytes in the record must match the NUMBER
specified by the ll field.
cc is the CHECKSUM field that represents the CHECKSUM of the record. The
CHECKSUM is calculated by summing the VALUEs of all hexadecimal digit pairs in
the record modulo 256 and taking the two's complement.
Data Records
The INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file is made up of any NUMBER of data records that are terminated
with a carriage return and a LINEfeed. Data records appear as follows:
:10 246200464C5549442050524F46494C4500464C33
where:
10 is the NUMBER of data bytes in the record.
2462 is the address where the data are to be located in MEMORY.
00 is the record type 00 (a data record).
464C...464C is the data.
33 is the CHECKSUM of the record.
Extended LINEAR Address Records (HEX386)
Extended LINEar address records are also known as 32-bit address records and
HEX386 records. These records contain the upper 16 bits (bits 16-31) of the
data address. The extended LINEar address record always has two data bytes and
appears as follows:
:02000004 FFFFFC
where:
02 is the NUMBER of data bytes in the record.
0000 is the address field. For the extended LINEar address record, this field
is always 0000.
04 is the record type 04 (an extended LINEar address record).
FFFF is the upper 16 bits of the address.
FC is the CHECKSUM of the record and is calculated as
01h + NOT(02h + 00h + 00h + 04h + FFh + FFh).
When an extended LINEar address record is read, the extended LINEar address
stored in the data field is saved and is applied to subsequent records read
from the INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file. The LINEar address remains effective until changed by
another extended address record.
The absolute- MEMORY address of a data record is obtained by adding the address
field in the record to the shifted address data from the extended LINEar
address record. The following example illustrates this PROCESS..
Address from the data record's address field 2462
Extended LINEar address record data field FFFF
--------
Absolute- MEMORY address FFFF 2462
Extended Segment Address Records (HEX86)
Extended segment address records-also known as HEX86 records-contain bits 4-19
of the data address segment. The extended segment address record always has two
data bytes and appears as follows:
:02000002 1200EA
where:
02 is the NUMBER of data bytes in the record.
0000 is the address field. For the extended segment address record, this field
is always 0000.
02 is the record type 02 (an extended segment address record).
1200 is the segment of the address.
EA is the CHECKSUM of the record and is calculated as
01h + NOT(02h + 00h + 00h + 02h + 12h + 00h).
When an extended segment address record is read, the extended segment address
stored in the data field is saved and is applied to subsequent records read
from the INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file. The segment address remains effective until changed by
another extended address record.
The absolute- MEMORY address of a data record is obtained by adding the address
field in the record to the shifted-address data from the extended segment
address record. The following example illustrates this PROCESS.
Address from the data record's address field 2462
Extended segment address record data field 1200
--------
Absolute MEMORY address 00014462
End-of-File (EOF) Records
An INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file must end with an end-of-file (EOF) record. This record must
have the VALUE 01 in the record type field. An EOF record always appears as
follows:
:00000001FF
where:
00 is the NUMBER of data bytes in the record.
0000 is the address where the data are to be located in MEMORY. The address in
end-of-file records is meaningless and is ignored. An address of 0000h is
typical.
01 is the record type 01 (an end-of-file record).
FF is the CHECKSUM of the record and is calculated as
01h + NOT(00h + 00h + 00h + 01h).
Example INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX File
Following is an example of a complete INTEL.html"> INTEL HEX file:
:10001300AC12AD13AE10AF11 12002F8E0E8F0F2244
:10000300E50B250DF509E50A350CF508 1200132259
:0 3000000020023D8
:0C002300787FE4F6D8FD7581130200031D
:10002F00EFF88DF0A4FFEDC5F0CEA42EFEEC88F016
:04003F00A42EFE22CB
:00000001FF
Hex文件的 INTEL格式:这是 INTEL.html"> INTEL公司提出的按地址排列的数据信息,数据宽度为字节,所有数
据使用16进制数字表示.
这是一个例子:
:10008000AF5F67F0602703E0322CFA92007780C361
:1000900089001C6B7EA7CA9200FE10D2AA00477D81
:0B00A00080FA92006F3600C3A00076CB
:00000001FF
第一行,":"符号表明记录的开始. 后面的两个字符表明记录的长度,这里是10h. 后面的四个字
符给出调入的地址,这里是0080h. 后面的两个字符表明记录的类型;
0 数据记录 1 记录文件结束 2 扩展段地址记录 3 开始段地址记录 4 扩展线性地址记录 5
开始线性地址记录
后面则是真正的数据记录, 最后两位是校验和检查,它加上前面所有的数据和为0.
最后一行特殊,总是写成这个样子.
扩展 INTEL.html"> INTEL Hex的格式(最大1M): 由于普通的 INTEL.html"> INTEL的Hex记录文件只能记录64K的地址范围,
所以大于64K的地址数据要靠扩展 INTEL.html"> INTEL Hex格式的文件来记录.对于扩展形式Hex文件,在每
一个64K段的开始加上扩展的段地址规定,下面的数据地址均在这个段内,除非出现新的段地址
定义.
一个段地址 定义的格式如下:
起始符 长度 起始地址 扩展段标示 扩展段序号 无用 累加和
: 02 0000 02 3000 EC
段地址的标识符是第四组数据02,表示扩展地址段的定义,再后面的以为HEX数表示段