iOS开发知识点总结(三)

1.属性字符串的使用
可为一段文本的不同区间设置不同显示格式

int remainCount = 999;
NSMutableAttributedString *attributes = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d+新品",remainCount]];
//添加前景色属性(此处将0-3范围的字符串的颜色设置为紫色)类似还可添加不同的属性
[attributes addAttribute:NSForegroundColorAttributeName value:[UIColor purpleColor] range:NSMakeRange(0, 3)];
//设置属性文字
_remianCountLabel.attributedText = attributes;

2.iOS富文本组件的实现-DTCoreText
DTCoreText是个开源的iOS富文本组件，它可以解析HTML与CSS最终用CoreText绘制出来，主要用来替代高内存消耗的低性能的UIWebView

3.TextKit

4.代码快速排版快捷键
全选ctrl+A ， 快速排版ctrl+I

5.自定义按钮的图片和文字的显示位置

UIButton *button = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
[button setTitle:@"我在这里" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[button setImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"pp"]; forState:UIControlStateNormal];
 button.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, -40, 0, 0);
 button.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 10, 0);

UIEdgeInsetsMake(CGFloat top, CGFloat left, CGFloat bottom, CGFloat right)；
四个参数分别表述上、左、底、右距离默认位置的距离

6.UIImage图片旋转
通过UIImage的类方法实现

//下面的类方法可对图片进行旋转的同时进行缩放
+ (UIImage *)imageWithCGImage:(CGImageRef)cgImage scale:(CGFloat)scale orientation:(UIImageOrientation)orientation ;

示例:

UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"pp"].CGImage scale:1 orientation:UIImageOrientationLeft];

7.UITextView设置占位文本
在控制器的view上添加UITextView和UILabel，这里将UILabel设置为我们的占位文本，并设置UITextView的代理之后编写代理方法
UITextView *_secretContent;
UILabel *_placeHolderLabel;

#pragma mark 带有placeholder的textview的实现
-(BOOL)textView:(UITextView *)textView shouldChangeTextInRange:(NSRange)range replacementText:(NSString *)text
{
    if ([text isEqualToString:@"\n"]) {//检测到“完成”
        [textView resignFirstResponder];//释放键盘
        return NO;
    }
    if (_secretContent.text.length==0){//textview长度为0
        if ([text isEqualToString:@""]) {//判断是否为删除键
            _placeHolderLabel.hidden=NO;//隐藏文字
        }else{
            _placeHolderLabel.hidden=YES;
        }
    }else{//textview长度不为0
        if (_secretContent.text.length==1){//textview长度为1时候
            if ([text isEqualToString:@""]) {//判断是否为删除键
                _placeHolderLabel.hidden=NO;
            }else{//不是删除
                _placeHolderLabel.hidden=YES;
            }
        }else{//长度不为1时候
            _placeHolderLabel.hidden=YES;
        }
    }
    return YES;
}

8.dispatch_once实现单例
void dispatch_once( dispatch_once_t *predicate, dispatch_block_t block);
predicate：用于检查该代码块是否已经被调度的谓词
示例代码如下:

+ (id)sharedManager {
    static dispatch_once_t once;
    static id instance;
    dispatch_once(&once, ^{
        instance = [self new];
    });
    return instance;
}

9.iOS正则匹配(当前时间的正则匹配)
正则匹配表达式基础入门:http://blog.csdn.net/lxcnn/article/details/4268033

//当前时间的正则匹配
NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
NSDateFormatter *formatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[formatter setDateFormat:@"dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss"];
NSString *urlString = [formatter stringFromDate:date];
NSLog(@"urlString=%@",urlString);
NSError *error;
NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"^(0[1-9]|[1|2][0-9]|3[0|1])[-|/|.](0[1-9]|1[0|1|2])[-|/|.](19|20)\\d\\d\\s(0[0-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-3]):[0-5][0-9]:[0-5][0-9]$" options:0 error:&error];

if (regex != nil) {
NSTextCheckingResult *firstMatch = [regex firstMatchInString:urlString options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [urlString length])];
if (firstMatch) {
         NSRange resultRange = [firstMatch rangeAtIndex:0];
         //从urlString中截取数据
         NSString *result = [urlString substringWithRange:resultRange];
         NSLog(@"正则匹配结果=%@",result);
     }
}

输出结果:
2015-04-17 14:19:14.713 PredicateTest[2023:97164] urlString=17-04-2015 14:19:14
2015-04-17 14:19:14.719 PredicateTest[2023:97164] 正则匹配结果=17-04-2015 14:19:14

10.使用Object-C字面量

//字典的存取
NSDictionary *dict = @{@"s1":@"v1",@"s2":@"v2"};
NSString *string = dict[@"s1"];
//相当于[NSNumber numberWithInt:10]
NSNumber *number = @10;
//数组的存取
NSArray *array = @[@1,@2,@"s"];
NSString *s = array[1];

11.iOS8.x模拟器输入中文
模拟器设置->通用->键盘->键盘->添加新键盘->简体中文（英文环境下：Settings->General->Keyboard->Keyboards->Add New Keyboard->Chinese(Simplified)->Pinyin-QWERTY->Done
然后在Xcode菜单Product->Scheme->EditScheme->Options->Application Region->中国

12.将汉字转成拼音

NSMutableString *pinyin = [@"吧啦吧啦小魔仙变身!!!" mutableCopy];
CFStringTransform((__bridge CFMutableStringRef)pinyin, NULL, kCFStringTransformMandarinLatin, NO);
CFStringTransform((__bridge CFMutableStringRef)pinyin, NULL, kCFStringTransformStripCombiningMarks, NO);
NSLog(@"%@", pinyin);

13.将OC代码转成C++底层代码
终端输入:clang -rewrite-objc main.m