在WSL2的Ubuntu中安装和使用Docker/Podman

在WSL2的Ubuntu中安装和使用Docker/Podman

0. 目的

当网络环境良好（例如在公司，能直接访问Google等）时， Docker/Podman 安装和使用不是问题。

当网络环境不佳（例如在家里），要把 WSL2 的 Ubuntu 安装好 Docker， 并顺利拉取 Docker/Podman 镜像， 并且运行的镜像实例也需要把网络问题搞定，我踩了5个坑， 记录如下。

我使用 WSL2， Ubuntu22.04。

1. 第一个坑：Docker Desktop 的 “诱惑”

Docker 官方文档太乱，两句话说清楚的非要写两百句， 动不动就让你安装 Docker Desktop。 装了有什么好处呢？ 除了潜在的 “商业用途， 交钱”，我没看到任何用处。

2. 第二个坑：艰难的获取 docker 安装脚本

不要和我提 ubuntu， centos， fedora 每个发行版的安装方式有差异。 docker 官方你老早就提供了一键安装脚本，为啥不放明显位置让我们使用呢？

网络如果 OK， 就这么一句话，完事儿了：

curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh

然而网络不好，https://get.docker.com/ 从 WSL 里访问不到。 直接从 Windows 浏览器访问，发现就是一段脚本。 拷过来:

点击展开/折叠

#!/bin/sh
set -e
# Docker Engine for Linux installation script.
#
# This script is intended as a convenient way to configure docker's package
# repositories and to install Docker Engine, This script is not recommended
# for production environments. Before running this script, make yourself familiar
# with potential risks and limitations, and refer to the installation manual
# at https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ for alternative installation methods.
#
# The script:
#
# - Requires `root` or `sudo` privileges to run.
# - Attempts to detect your Linux distribution and version and configure your
#   package management system for you.
# - Doesn't allow you to customize most installation parameters.
# - Installs dependencies and recommendations without asking for confirmation.
# - Installs the latest stable release (by default) of Docker CLI, Docker Engine,
#   Docker Buildx, Docker Compose, containerd, and runc. When using this script
#   to provision a machine, this may result in unexpected major version upgrades
#   of these packages. Always test upgrades in a test environment before
#   deploying to your production systems.
# - Isn't designed to upgrade an existing Docker installation. When using the
#   script to update an existing installation, dependencies may not be updated
#   to the expected version, resulting in outdated versions.
#
# Source code is available at https://github.com/docker/docker-install/
#
# Usage
# ==============================================================================
#
# To install the latest stable versions of Docker CLI, Docker Engine, and their
# dependencies:
#
# 1. download the script
#
#   $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o install-docker.sh
#
# 2. verify the script's content
#
#   $ cat install-docker.sh
#
# 3. run the script with --dry-run to verify the steps it executes
#
#   $ sh install-docker.sh --dry-run
#
# 4. run the script either as root, or using sudo to perform the installation.
#
#   $ sudo sh install-docker.sh
#
# Command-line options
# ==============================================================================
#
# --version <VERSION>
# Use the --version option to install a specific version, for example:
#
#   $ sudo sh install-docker.sh --version 23.0
#
# --channel <stable|test>
#
# Use the --channel option to install from an alternative installation channel.
# The following example installs the latest versions from the "test" channel,
# which includes pre-releases (alpha, beta, rc):
#
#   $ sudo sh install-docker.sh --channel test
#
# Alternatively, use the script at https://test.docker.com, which uses the test
# channel as default.
#
# --mirror <Aliyun|AzureChinaCloud>
#
# Use the --mirror option to install from a mirror supported by this script.
# Available mirrors are "Aliyun" (https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce), and
# "AzureChinaCloud" (https://mirror.azure.cn/docker-ce), for example:
#
#   $ sudo sh install-docker.sh --mirror AzureChinaCloud
#
# ==============================================================================


# Git commit from https://github.com/docker/docker-install when
# the script was uploaded (Should only be modified by upload job):
SCRIPT_COMMIT_SHA="6d9743e9656cc56f699a64800b098d5ea5a60020"

# strip "v" prefix if present
VERSION="${VERSION#v}"

# The channel to install from:
#   * stable
#   * test
#   * edge (deprecated)
#   * nightly (deprecated)
DEFAULT_CHANNEL_VALUE="stable"
if [ -z "$CHANNEL" ]; then
	CHANNEL=$DEFAULT_CHANNEL_VALUE
fi

DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_URL="https://download.docker.com"
if [ -z "$DOWNLOAD_URL" ]; then
	DOWNLOAD_URL=$DEFAULT_DOWNLOAD_URL
fi

DEFAULT_REPO_FILE="docker-ce.repo"
if [ -z "$REPO_FILE" ]; then
	REPO_FILE="$DEFAULT_REPO_FILE"
fi

mirror=''
DRY_RUN=${DRY_RUN:-}
while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
	case "$1" in
		--channel)
			CHANNEL="$2"
			shift
			;;
		--dry-run)
			DRY_RUN=1
			;;
		--mirror)
			mirror="$2"
			shift
			;;
		--version)
			VERSION="${2#v}"
			shift
			;;
		--*)
			echo "Illegal option $1"
			;;
	esac
	shift $(( $# > 0 ? 1 : 0 ))
done

case "$mirror" in
	Aliyun)
		DOWNLOAD_URL="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce"
		;;
	AzureChinaCloud)
		DOWNLOAD_URL="https://mirror.azure.cn/docker-ce"
		;;
	"")
		;;
	*)
		>&2 echo "unknown mirror '$mirror': use either 'Aliyun', or 'AzureChinaCloud'."
		exit 1
		;;
esac

case "$CHANNEL" in
	stable|test)
		;;
	edge|nightly)
		>&2 echo "DEPRECATED: the $CHANNEL channel has been deprecated and is no longer supported by this script."
		exit 1
		;;
	*)
		>&2 echo "unknown CHANNEL '$CHANNEL': use either stable or test."
		exit 1
		;;
esac

command_exists() {
   
	command -v "$@" > /dev/null 2>&1
}

# version_gte checks if the version specified in $VERSION is at least the given
# SemVer (Maj.Minor[.Patch]), or CalVer (YY.MM) version.It returns 0 (success)
# if $VERSION is either unset (=latest) or newer or equal than the specified
# version, or returns 1 (fail) otherwise.
#
# examples:
#
# VERSION=23.0
# version_gte 23.0  // 0 (success)
# version_gte 20.10 // 0 (success)
# version_gte 19.03 // 0 (success)
# version_gte 21.10 // 1 (fail)
version_gte() {
   
	if [ -z "$VERSION" ]; then
			return 0
	fi
	eval version_compare "$VERSION" "$1"
}

# version_compare compares two version strings (either SemVer (Major.Minor.Path),
# or CalVer (YY.MM) version strings. It returns 0 (success) if version A is newer
# or equal than version B, or 1 (fail) otherwise. Patch releases and pre-release
# (-alpha/-beta) are not taken into account
#
# examples:
#
# version_compare 23.0.0 20.10 // 0 (success)
# version_compare 23.0 20.10   // 0 (success)
# version_compare 20.10 19.03  // 0 (success)
# version_compare 20.10 20.10  // 0 (success)
# version_compare 19.03 20.10  // 1 (fail)
version_compare()