NIO示例

TimeServer:

package yunsheng;

import java.io.IOException;

public class TimeServer {

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        int port = 9999;
        if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
            try {
                port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                // 采用默认值
            }
        }
        MultiTimeServer timeServer = new MultiTimeServer(port);
        // 只需要一个线程，负责轮询多路复用器selector，就可以处理多个连接。
        new Thread(timeServer, "multi-time-server-001").start();

    }
}

MultiTimeServer:

package yunsheng;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class MultiTimeServer implements Runnable {
    private Selector selector;
    private ServerSocketChannel serverChannel;
    private volatile boolean stop;

    public MultiTimeServer(int port) {
        try {
            // 打开一个多路复用器selector
            selector = Selector.open();
            // 打开一个serverSocketChannel
            serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            // 设置NIO模式
            serverChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            // 绑定端口（1024是最大连接队列长度）
            serverChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port), 1024);
            // 将serverChannel注册到selector上，监听accept事件
            serverChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
            System.out.println("server start at " + port);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }

    public void stop() {
        this.stop = true;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (!stop) {
            try {
                // 设置超时。休眠时间，selector每隔一秒被唤醒一次
                selector.select(1000);
                Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectedKeys.iterator();
                SelectionKey key = null;
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    key = iterator.next();
                    iterator.remove();
                    try {
                        handleInput(key);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        if (key != null) {
                            key.cancel();
                            if (key.channel() != null) {
                                key.channel().close();
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                t.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        // selector关闭后，注册其上的channel和pipe等资源会自动关闭，所以不需要重复释放资源
        if (selector != null) {
            try {
                selector.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void handleInput(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        if (key.isValid()) {
            // 来了新的请求
            if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                // 这块挺像BIO的
                ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                // serverSocketChannel接受请求，并创建socketChannel
                // 这步完成，相当于完成tcp三次握手，物理链路建立完成。
                SocketChannel sc = ssc.accept();
                sc.configureBlocking(false);

                sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            }

            // 可读的请求
            if (key.isReadable()) {
                SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
                if (readBytes > 0) {
                    readBuffer.flip();// 翻转，从头开始读
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
                    readBuffer.get(bytes);
                    String body = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("the server receive :" + body);
                    String currentTime = "QUERY".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new java.util.Date(System.currentTimeMillis())
                            .toString() : "BAD ORDER";
                    doWrite(sc, currentTime);
                } else if (readBytes < 0) {
                    // 对端链路关闭
                    key.cancel();
                    sc.close();
                } else {
                    // 读到0字节，忽略
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void doWrite(SocketChannel sc, String response) throws IOException {
        if (response != null && response.trim().length() > 0) {
            byte[] bytes = response.getBytes();
            ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(bytes.length);
            bb.put(bytes);
            bb.flip();
            sc.write(bb);
        }
    }

}

TimeClient:

package yunsheng;

public class TimeClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int port = 9999;
        if (args != null && args.length > 0) {
            try {
                port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                // 采用默认值
            }
        }

        new Thread(new TimeClientHandler(null, port)).start();

    }
}

TimeClientHandler:

package yunsheng;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

public class TimeClientHandler implements Runnable {

    private String host;
    private int port;
    private SocketChannel channel;
    private Selector selector;
    private volatile boolean stop;

    public void stop() {
        this.stop = true;
    }

    public TimeClientHandler(String host, int port) {
        this.host = host == null ? "127.0.0.1" : host;
        this.port = port;

        try {
            selector = Selector.open();
            channel = SocketChannel.open();
            channel.configureBlocking(false);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 先连接
        try {
            doConnect();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }

        while (!stop) {
            try {
                selector.select(1000);
                Set<SelectionKey> selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
                Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectedKeys.iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    SelectionKey key = iterator.next();
                    iterator.remove();
                    try {
                        handle(key);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        if (key != null) {
                            key.cancel();
                            if (key.channel() != null) {
                                key.channel().close();
                            }
                        }
                    }

                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }

        // 当selector关闭后，注册其上的资源会自动关闭
        if (selector != null) {
            try {
                selector.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private void handle(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        if (key.isValid()) {
            SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
            if (key.isConnectable()) {
                if (sc.finishConnect()) {
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    doWrite(sc);
                } else {
                    System.exit(1);// 连接失败，进程退出
                }
            }

            // 是可读状态，读取响应
            if (key.isReadable()) {
                ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                int readBytes = sc.read(readBuffer);
                if (readBytes > 0) {
                    readBuffer.flip();
                    byte[] bytes = new byte[readBuffer.remaining()];
                    readBuffer.get(bytes);
                    String body = new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
                    System.out.println("now is " + body);
                    stop();
                } else if (readBytes < 0) {
                    // 对端链路关闭
                    key.cancel();
                    sc.close();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void doConnect() throws IOException {
        if (channel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port))) {
            channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            doWrite(channel);
        } else {
            channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
        }
    }

    private void doWrite(SocketChannel channel) throws IOException {
        byte[] req = "QUERY".getBytes();
        ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(req.length);
        writeBuffer.put(req);
        writeBuffer.flip();
        channel.write(writeBuffer);

        if (!writeBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
            System.out.println("send to server done!");
        }
    }

}

总结：
从代码上可以看出，采用NIO编程，复杂性更高。
但是，
1，客户端发起连接是异步的。当没有连接成功时，可以先注册 SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT状态。不会像之前那样阻塞。
2，SocketChannel的读写操作都是异步的。无内容可读写时，不会阻塞。
3，线程模型的优化。JDK的selector在linux上采用epoll实现，没有连接句柄的限制，一个线程可以处理成千上万的连接。而性能不会降低。因此非常适合做高性能的网络服务器。