标准I/O库

问题：下面程序的输出是什么？（intel笔试2011）

int main ( ) {
fprintf (stdout , "Hello " ) ;
fprintf (stderr , "World!" ) ;
return 0 ;
}

答案:World !Hello

 

stdout是行缓冲的，他的输出会放在一个buffer里面，只有碰到换行的时候，才会输出到屏幕。而 stderr是无缓冲的，会直接输出.

因此printf("a") printf("b\n"); a b会直到碰到换行才一起输出

 

 

int
main(void)
{
 char buf[MAXLINE];

 while (fgets(buf, MAXLINE, stdin) != NULL)
  if (fputs(buf, stdout) == EOF)
   printf("output error");

 if (ferror(stdin))
  printf("input error");

 exit(0);
}

当从终端输入abcd敲回车后,buf中存的数据为'a' 'b' 'c' 'd' '\n' '\0'

 fgets() reads in at most one less than size characters from stream and stores them into the buffer pointed to by s.  Reading stops after an EOF or
 a newline.  If a newline is read, it is stored into the buffer.  A terminating null byte ('\0') is stored after the last character in the buffer.

 

fputs() writes the string s to stream, without its terminating null byte ('\0').

因此输出abcd'\n'

 

 

 

 

缓冲区大小只有10,输入abcefghijklmnopq,缓冲区只能存放abcefghij\0,执行到fputs(buf,stdou),此时不会有任何输出,因为没有\n,之后再执行一次fgets()把剩下的字符读入到buf(包含\n),之后fputs()一起输出

 

 

 

fgets()和gets()区别

gets()  reads  a  line  from  stdin  into the buffer pointed to by s until either a terminating newline or EOF, which it replaces with a null byte
 ('\0').  No check for buffer overrun is performed (see BUGS below). 

fgets() reads in at most one less than size characters from stream and stores them into the buffer pointed to by s.  Reading stops after an EOF or
  a newline.  If a newline is read, it is stored into the buffer.  A terminating null byte ('\0') is stored after the last character in the buffer.

gets()把换行符换成'\0',并不存入缓冲区