用const限定引用

保护实参不被修改的办法就是用const指针和引用。

1、下面的程序传递一个const double型常量指针，返回一个指针。 

代码：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

double* fn(const double* pd){   //pd -->a
        static double ad = 32;
        ad += * pd;
        cout << "fn being called ... the value is : "<< *pd << endl;
        return &ad;
}

int main (){
        double a = 345.6;
        const double* pa = fn(&a);      //pa -->ad
        cout << *pa <<endl;

        a = 55.5;
        pa = fn(&a);
        cout << *pa << endl;

        return 0;
}

测试结果：

fn being called ... the value is : 345.6
377.6
fn being called ... the value is : 55.5
433.1

2、上面的程序用引用重写后，可能更加便于理解：

代码：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

double& fn (const double& pd){
        static double ad = 32;
        ad += pd;
        cout << "fn being called ... the value is :"<< pd << endl;
        return ad;
}

int main (){
        double a = 345.6;
        double& pa = fn(a);
        cout << pa << endl;

        a = 55.5;
        pa = fn(a);
        cout << pa << endl;

        return 0;
}

测试结果：

fn being called ... the value is : 345.6
377.6
fn being called ... the value is : 55.5
433.1