Linux zip小知识

1. 排除文件夹

zip -r jason.zip jason/* -x jason/backports-4.4.2-1/\*

以上命令打包jason文件夹，排除其中的backports-4.4.2-1文件夹

如果改成这样：

zip -r jason.zip jason/* -x jason/backports-4.4.2-1\*

会排除其中以backports-4.4.2-1开头的文件和文件夹，比如jason下还有文件backports-4.4.2-1.tar.gz，也会被排除。

那这样呢?

zip -r jason.zip jason/* -x jason/backports-4.4.2-1/**\*

会排除backports-4.4.2-1目录下的所有文件和文件夹，backports-4.4.2-1目录保留

zip -r jason.zip jason/* -x jason/backports-4.4.2-1/*

这样只排除backports-4.4.2-1目录下的文件了

2. 指定时间范围

zip支持-t(--from-date mmddyyyy), -tt(--before-date mmddyyyy)参数，可以根据mtime打包文件。"yyyy-mm-dd"格式也支持。

zip -rt 2016-11-11 jason.zip jason

那要根据ctime,atime呢，只能借助find了，使用find的优点是支持更精确的时间。

CentOS 7 find支持-newerXY参数，如根据ctime则为-newerct，可以查找ctime比指定时间新的文件。

find jason -newerct "2016-11-11 11:11:11" | zip -@ jason.zip

CentOS 6 find不支持-newerXY，只能使用参数-ctime,-atime/-cmin,-amin, 只是要计算一下时间，稍麻烦点。

find jason -cmin -100 | zip -@ jason.zip

可以通过以下的dateDiff function计算时间，比如:

min=$(date_diff "-m" "now" "2016-11-11 11:11")

#!/bin/bash

date2stamp () {
  date -d "$1" +%s
}

dateDiff () {
  case "$1" in
    "-s")
      sec=1
      shift
      ;;
    "-m")
      sec=60
      shift
      ;;
    "-h")
      sec=3600
      shift
      ;;
    "-d")
      sec=86400
      shift
      ;;
    *)
      sec=86400
      ;;
  esac

  date1=$(date2stamp "$1")
  date2=$(date2stamp "$2")
  diffSec=$((date2-date1))
  if [ "$diffSec" -lt 0 ]; then
    abs=-1
  else
    abs=1
  fi
  # 通过echo返回值
  echo $((diffSec/sec*abs))
} 

3. 示例Shell

#!/bin/bash  
  
. $(dirname $0)/datediff.sh  
  
FILE_PATH="File"  
EXCLUDE="File/tmp/\* File/20140505/\*"  
FORMAT1="+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"  
FORMAT2="+%Y%m%d%H%M"  
  
start_time1=$(date "$FORMAT1")  
start_time2=$(date "$FORMAT2")  
  
backup_all() {  
  echo "$start_time1 start backup all files"  
  
  filename=$(get_filename "all" "$start_time2")  
  zip -r "$filename" "$FILE_PATH"/* -x "$EXCLUDE"  
  
  echo $(date "$FORMAT1") backup finished  
}  
  
backup_from() {  
  echo "$start_time1 start backup files from $1"  
  
  filename=$(get_filename $(date_format "$1") "$start_time2")  
  min=$(date_diff "-m" "$1" "now")  
  find "$FILE_PATH" -cmin -"$min" | zip -@ "$filename"  
#  zip "$filename" -d "$EXCLUDE"  
  
  echo $(date "$FORMAT1") backup finished  
}  
  
backup_range() {  
  echo "$start_time1 start backup files from $1 to $2"  
    
  filename=$(get_filename $(date_format "$1") $(date_format "$2"))  
  min1=$(date_diff "-m" "$1" "now")  
  min2=$(date_diff "-m" "$2" "now")  
  find "$FILE_PATH" -cmin -"$min1" -cmin +$(($min2-1)) | zip -@ "$filename"  
#  zip "$filename" -d "$EXCLUDE"  
  
  echo $(date "$FORMAT1") backup finished  
}  
  
date_format () {  
  date -d "$1" "$FORMAT2"  
}  
  
get_filename () {  
  echo "File_$1_$2.zip"   
}  
  
check_date () {  
  flag=$(echo "$1" | grep -cE "(^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}$)|(^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2} [0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$)")  
  if [ "$flag" -ne 1 ]; then  
    echo "failure"  
  fi  
}  
  
if [ "$#" -eq 2 ]; then  
  flag1=$(check_date "$1")  
  flag2=$(check_date "$2")  
  if [ "x$flag1" = "x" ] && [ "x$flag2" = "x" ]; then  
    backup_range "$1" "$2"  
  else  
    echo "Please input valid date"  
  fi  
  exit  
fi  
  
case "$1" in  
  "-h"|"--help")  
    echo "Usage: $0 {all|2016-11-11|'2016-11-11 11:11'|2016-11-11 '2016-11-13 23:59'}  
    exit 1  
    ;;    
  "all")  
    backup_all  
    ;;  
  *)  
    flag=$(check_date "$1")  
    if [ "x$flag" = "x" ]; then  
      backup_from "$1"  
    else  
      echo "Please input valid date"  
    fi  
    ;;  
esac

参考文档 

Bash Guide for Beginners