蓝桥杯2018年真题

第三题：字母阵列

题目描述
仔细寻找，会发现：在下面的8x8的方阵中，隐藏着字母序列：“LANQIAO”。

SLANQIAO
ZOEXCCGB
MOAYWKHI
BCCIPLJQ
SLANQIAO
RSFWFNYA
XIFZVWAL
COAIQNAL

我们约定: 序列可以水平，垂直，或者是斜向；
并且走向不限（实际上就是有一共8种方向）。
上图中一共有4个满足要求的串。

下面有一个更大的（100x100）的字母方阵。
你能算出其中隐藏了多少个“LANQIAO”吗？

FOAIQNALWIKEGNICJWAOSXDHTHZPOLGYELORAUHOHCZIERPTOOJUITQJCFNIYYQHSBEABBQZPNGYQTCLSKZFCYWDGOAIADKLSNGJ
GSOZTQKCCSDWGUWAUOZKNILGVNLMCLXQVBJENIHIVLRPVVXXFTHQUXUAVZZOFFJHYLMGTLANQIAOQQILCDCJERJASNCTLYGRMHGF
TSDFYTLVIBHKLJVVJUDMKGJZGNNSTPVLCKTOFMUEUFSVQIAUVHNVFTGBDDARPKYNNCUOYUAZXQJNOEEYKLFRMOEMHUKJTPETHLES
FKVINSLWEVGAGMKVFVIUBMYOIAFHLVNKNTYKTZWVXQWRWIGPENFXYDTKRVPKRTHMGHVYOCLDCKMEKRLGEKBYUCLOLYPAKPFSOREH
KWPUOLOVMOFBIXYACWRDYBINTMPASPCEOKHXQIGBQQMCEOIVULIEOPFSCSIHENAJCVDPJDOIWIIULFDNOZOFVAMCABVGKAKCOZMG
XWMYRTAFGFOCNHLBGNGOXPJSTWLZUNNAGIRETGXFWAQSSJPFTQAXMTQWMZWYVEPQERKSWTSCHSQOOBGXAQTBCHOEGBDVKGWJIFTG
ZWWJEIISPLMXIMGHOOGDRZFTGNDDWDWMNUFWJYJGULPHNUFSAQNNIUVAAFZIAZKFXXNWCEABGJAUMGYEIEFVQXVHHHEDYUITRCQB
XZHDPZQTOBECJVBZLACVXACZEDYOGVAVQRNWEOWGRAQYUEUESTEDQTYJUTEFOOITSHDDZHONJGBRCWNEQLZUTBNQIADKNFIOMWZR
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HOWRIUGMOQTUYIHDWJRFBWWKWYKCICSVBVKTBIIWGFSVIFCTUKIHHUUISCOTEOYRWQXTAEBXQQOLLMOALNIYVCCHNSWIKHMYYNZO
OFRIYYXPPSRTPAYMUJSSDILKIZAYSEIOLANQIAOVKARDPGVFCSYBSNHAPGTIKLAWTTKOEADWRLAACAAFYTBTNSGFTYLYUHJXBMMA
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DBQJNGBLRIYFIKHBEYOZQBOAGGNIZKFDHWXCFNJLBQXVLHIQNIBZSDLTTRERHNWCMLJCVBBGGAQTPUQHIRABXPQSYGSDVMBNNDFG
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YNSDSWDRLBBFUFVVICMGUCGBSVDLJNXGKXNFGVLKAVBJRRRUHKRXTPBJAKIEBAVMDIOJLIUDABCGNPNJIYBCXMOOWKRPHPYSWRDC
BORWTNBISSLTVKBRTLWKRNCEDCNEGCIYJIPDICFAVNOISYAHWBLGMNFKXZYTTWJOBEPNMSJEJMHXVPGOJOLQQQVXFGEULANQIAOD
OQETOJHCZXGTUKIWGMEVVMXCURISUOFQSAWZWDMZWVYHZMPEIMWKJDGERODVVUXYRTYLCRGYQQOIOFZSSZRAIESWBQOAIQNALJNR
HEYWHPLLPCUEOCBAOWGAYEJZQJHLVNMVQNSQQGGUBOIMDPFLOVSQGBLYAMBRYJDVOXOQINLJAVYALAKHPKOYNKGXIISSJNGKHYMS
IQVRYKXCUFIRNENEXFJTMOTJWYXSMTDHHPRHWIXETWVVIXZELKLLWRWQYGBCGJNYSUQEFCOUDNIJMLJNLAWSYJGULKBCFPYVSSMW
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PDOFSCKKJJTRYRWGLEZODQTJSIMXIAOLNMLPHBAYLPTTLPYWILSEIIQVSXNHIJEORVCNJHYXRBIZZJTADGMRTSXVRXYGVQQNUEIC
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PYIANSGMNKBCDPHWDUPKICQEUDNZPNGRUJYSZIRLXGXXITAFBCANGDLVAQLDPVTJNSAUZMBBNOBBOERSHQIOLBVTSPPJKVCMXUBS
IKMDIYSNCJZKJKJQMTIKEPRUNAHJUSWJHSLWIVWHYAYLOIOGSZVWKQWXZDBPHWZRAIPMXDJHBIISVJWVEVZAEGAKCYYMNZARBZPC
DLDFVQDFDMVHYVOWEKMFKWUXLTPWIVKPRZZXOLMDAPAIQEKJHCHYAGJDBOFWDGNEGQGOOKWSKLTLREMGGTVJFHAIBCQKNZVRCZYS
FBQASGNCCBBGNKJHCDBTGBIIWKMPHDABKEWDEPYEAVKNMPATUZZUOEHGUGAZNECSGUCIIJPMMRAMTVADMTCRJCBWDLWWFNFOWMVZ
XFJFBGDAVGGAIZHAUIYENDZTRUWHPQUFWCHOXNCWYNAWVPLBLNQKQDTKQQKXNFXCTBGRWUZFHNRBDNLNKQVOLLGBBJQIYOBCEIKO
CURAGWXMLYBSIZLAXFONZZMQMRNNSRQKRHQGFGZUTLONAYRKSSOWAMKZBSGOOYQDPTBHGPBNQEDCZHRTOXREOFJEKJVIZXZBCJPN
KGYBZTZRKOGBETJRUWRNUCIFKIMCZGYTZLCZYGCGKVZRJIFZQIQPTCPPUHYWIXBOFFGSGSAIMNGKKUUROAVNJUQQNSWJRZIZEHAF
DDAOBVCPOVODVJFLSNPJXHWQBHILWZAHQQMTQASNADZLZNXJLJMFCOUWOZJCMVVTYCKTUBABWLCEBNYWAMOLNBQQYBRUJCQCZALE
TVVRPMYFIKINHIUEJBDLTCUMMUWICIUVCZNIQIUEWVAHLANQIAONMEYJWPDAFXVNOSOFDOCESSLGZPTJINBUAFWWWMPTYALZIGVD
DCZGKILMBFXIQQFEKJBIUDEMIFCANVGNYZAYSQFMNNQFEPZFUUVGTBKSMDXITBLANQIAOQUKTPNYPOWSQQYWWMJHSDYVFDJYXBAF
VGYXAMDRRZWVIHNQPZZWRNWBTROOJOLNUGXBILZKQEGIQSYGKZGODPWBJSCMRRWSSQURUFIAFQGEZLGZNOEQMNQEYUKPEQPPVAMO
SYSFUAJFKIPUJVQSZRWQCJYAUMLDDNOKODDXIEQIFLANQIAOZFUNKUBVDBLMJOAUTVCZVLKJRQIORQPGAVCEYVNYUZHXILHERYEC
GJEKWEKIJNIWUXZNVIWIAANHIOSOLATSQFSSCTAKESUTSPPYFHEHLVLIBJZEEBCOWMNHFTZMAPKFUPNFLTFFJQRVJHAKDVMGGUIX
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AZGNIMXPLPCEPULRRBHHQOBELHJZPUQAMWUASVKDXVEWAOFMAYSJFXHCNEUXUQWUESFBRUFZQLKKWHCHKOPLECCBYSLECAEZIMMI
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EMVDFSLANQIAOPTLFLFRKGNUZCTXWCAXHECTZFHWUFENRGQICHTYLSHZWIEGLNVDJZOMTKAAUWOHVOVOCTUKOSINSAYIAEUYORNA
VGPRMLCAQZIPRFQOZMEFTQZYVOTVFNVOIQSJCIPPQXQKJIXICUIGMHAJJMSXENCBQFIJHNZXIQMWACKDKQSEWWKMLOAUPFHAZGRY
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PVBGZSQPCELDIWDHOQWAUHILGLPYRIICTLFSOYKQZYZOCIZPTECSWOODGGBDTSGIMYGMVPJPRPEVWOOKYFWRGXHWUCRQNYJEMSYL
XWOFXFVDXPTHYTCEGMODCILAHYBREZVVHOUPZKCNHUEVPMKHUBNRPFMWXVQACVZCALZLYMZSBLCEASPMIEFOTGKMPGWYQADSNDPR
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QWNLTPMCYHRSKVHXLONRANWKWXUTHYQLIOFKGDBMSWDRCYRKVSAGGRJMWQYQFLMUIGGCLAUQAACTYLPZEOJBHMWRKHCRXGTGRMUP
CPQKJRBLYDNPUGHCRBVYBAIRVCAWLBWVWCMKNBIRKJOUGYQEBQRHDSTWXDIWGRVMLIJFBWHLHCDAAVUDLZSCGQNOUXVUIVIZZZMD
NMHGYPFUUDWKQGTAKKGCDFJFYJFNRZVXDPGZEAMWQVQZODKTXHIYFVKJSSAWVHYCUCZMLLBPXTILDYJQEMWDRUFKISOUVPUDTYPB
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WSDAUGUTVWCVHEMOIRJJGTANUWTSAIXXEVZTBDHPGSRHHVWCDZVZYRJTLONIJVXEATHQXOUKBIGZONFRSZIOGWNTYAJYLQCGEOWY

代码

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=2010;
char map1[maxn][maxn];
char map2[7]={'L','A','N','Q','I','A','O'}; 
int ans=0;
int fx[8]={-1,1,0,0,-1,1,-1,1};//上下左右
int fy[8]={0,0,-1,1,-1,-1,1,1}; 
void dfs(int x,int y,int step,int k){
   if(step==7){
   	 ans++;
   	 return;
   }
   int tx=x+fx[k];
   int ty=y+fy[k];
   if(tx<1||tx>100||ty<1||ty>100) return;
   else{
   	    if(map1[tx][ty]==map2[step])
   	 	   dfs(tx,ty,step+1,k);
   }  
  
   
  	
}

int main(){
	for(int i=1;i<=100;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=100;j++){
			cin>>map1[i][j];
		}
	}
   for(int i=1;i<=100;i++){
		for(int j=1;j<=100;j++){
			if(map1[i][j]=='L'){
				for(int k=0;k<8;k++){
					dfs(i,j,1,k);
				}
			}
		}
	}
 cout<<ans;
}

第四题：第几个幸运数

题目描述
到x星球旅行的游客都被发给一个整数，作为游客编号。
x星的国王有个怪癖，他只喜欢数字3,5和7。
国王规定，游客的编号如果只含有因子：3,5,7,就可以获得一份奖品。

我们来看前10个幸运数字是：
3 5 7 9 15 21 25 27 35 45
因而第11个幸运数字是：49

小明领到了一个幸运数字 59084709587505，他去领奖的时候，人家要求他准确地说出这是第几个幸运数字，否则领不到奖品。

请你帮小明计算一下，59084709587505是第几个幸运数字。 1905

方法一：
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

const long long maxn=10000;
ll dp[maxn];
int main(){

	dp[0]=1;
	ll i3=0,i5=0,i7=0;
	int i;
	for(i=1;   ;i++){
	  ll next3=dp[i3]*3,next5=dp[i5]*5,next7=dp[i7]*7;
	   dp[i]=min(next7,min(next3,next5));
	   if(dp[i]==next3) i3++;
	   if(dp[i]==next5) i5++;
	   if(dp[i]==next7) i7++;
	   if(dp[i]==59084709587505) break;
     }
     
   cout<<i<<endl;

}

方法二：
所有的幸运数字都是由3/5/7构成因此所有的数字都可以表示成3^a * 5^b * 7^c 的形式。
求出^a * 5^b * 7^c 比59084709587505小时abc的组合方式再加1即是真确答案。
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const long long maxn=10000;
ll dp[maxn];
int main(){
ll max=59084709587506;//max是比带求数大一的情况； 
		int count = 0;
		for ( long i = 0; pow(3,i) <max; ++i)
			for ( long j = 0;pow(5,j) < max; ++j)
				for ( long k = 0;pow(7,k) < max; ++k)
					if (pow(3,i)*pow(5,j) *pow (7,k) < max)
						  count ++;
                cout<<count-1;//减去1是出去i j k 全为0的情况； 
}

第七题：次数差

题目描述
x星球有26只球队，分别用a~z的26个字母代表。他们总是不停地比赛。
在某一赛段，哪个球队获胜了，就记录下代表它的字母，这样就形成一个长长的串。
国王总是询问：获胜次数最多的和获胜次数最少的有多大差距？（当然，他不关心那些一次也没获胜的，认为他们在怠工罢了）

输入，一个串，表示球队获胜情况（保证串的长度<1000）

要求输出一个数字，表示出现次数最多的字母比出现次数最少的字母多了多少次。

比如：
输入：
abaabcaa

输出：
4

解释：a出现5次，最多；c出现1次，最少。5-1=4
再比如：
输入：
bbccccddaaaacccc
输出：
6

资源约定：
峰值内存消耗（含虚拟机） < 256M
CPU消耗 < 1000ms

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int maxn=1015;
char str[maxn];
int ans1=0,ans2=0;
int main(){
 scanf("%s",str);
 int len=strlen(str);
 int ans[30];
 memset(ans,0,sizeof(ans));
 for(int i=0;i<len;i++){
  ans[str[i]-'a']++;     //统计每个字母出现的次数 
 }
 
int min=1000,max=-1;

for(int i=0;i<26;i++){
 	if(ans[i]!=0){
 		 if(ans[i]<min) min=ans[i];
 		 if(ans[i]>max) max=ans[i];
 	}
 }
cout<<max-min;
}