GOF23设计模式之——单例设计模式

1.饿汉式(特点：调用效率高，不能延时加载)

//饿汉式
public class SingletonDemo1 {
	private static SingletonDemo1 instance = new SingletonDemo1();
	private SingletonDemo1(){}
	public static SingletonDemo1 getInstance(){
		return instance;
	}
}

2.懒汉式（特点：可延时加载，调用效率低）

//懒汉式
public class SingletonDemo2{
	private static SingletonDemo2 instance;
	private SingletonDemo2(){}
	public static synchronized SingletonDemo2 getInstance(){
		if(instance==null){
			instance = new SingletonDemo2();
		}
		return instance;
	}
}

3.双重检测式（由于JVM底层原因，不可靠，避免使用）

//双重检测锁
public class SingletonDemo3{
	private static SingletonDemo3 instance;
	private SingletonDemo3(){}
	public static SingletonDemo3 getInstance(){
		if(instance==null){
			synchronized(SingletonDemo3.class){
				if(instance==null){
					instance = new SingletonDemo3();
				}
			}
		}
		return instance;
	}
}

4.静态内部类式（特点：调用效率高且可以延时加载）

//静态内部类实现方式
public class SingletonDemo4{
	private static class SingletonClassInstance{
		private static final SingletonDemo4 instance = new SingletonDemo4();
	}
	private SingletonDemo4(){}
	public static SingletonDemo4 getInstance(){
		return SingletonClassInstance.instance;
	}
}

5.枚举式（特点：调用效率高，不能延时加载，天然防止反射和反序列化漏洞）

//枚举式
public enum SingletonDemo5{
	INSTANCE;
	public void SingletonOperation(){
		
	}
}

对于1--4，可利用反射和反序列化破解单列，以饿汉式为例

package cn.baokx.gof23;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception  {
		//利用反射破解单例
		Class<SingletonDemo1> clazz = (Class<SingletonDemo1>)Class.forName("cn.baokx.gof23.SingletonDemo1");
		Constructor<SingletonDemo1> c = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(null);
		c.setAccessible(true);
		SingletonDemo1 s1 = c.newInstance();
		SingletonDemo1 s2 = c.newInstance();
		System.out.println(s1==s2);
	}
}

解决方案：

//饿汉式
public class SingletonDemo1 {
	private static SingletonDemo1 instance = new SingletonDemo1();
	private SingletonDemo1(){
		if(null!=instance){
			throw new RuntimeException();
		}
	}
	public static SingletonDemo1 getInstance(){
		return instance;
	}
}

package cn.baokx.gof23;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

public class Test {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception  {
		//利用序列化破解单例
		SingletonDemo1 s1 = SingletonDemo1.getInstance();
		ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:/obj.data"));
		oos.writeObject(s1);
		oos.close();
		
		ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("d:/obj.data"));
		SingletonDemo1 s2 = (SingletonDemo1)ois.readObject();
		ois.close();
		
		System.out.println(s1==s2);
	}
}

解决方案：

//饿汉式
public class SingletonDemo1 implements Serializable{
	private static SingletonDemo1 instance = new SingletonDemo1();
	//防反射破解单例
	private SingletonDemo1(){
		if(null!=instance){
			throw new RuntimeException();
		}
	}
	public static SingletonDemo1 getInstance(){
		return instance;
	}
	//防反序列化破解单例
	private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
		return instance;
	}
}