SpringMVC处理表单数据及乱码处理
一、处理命名规范的数据
命名规范,即用户传递的参数名和我们要处理的参数名一致
控制层
@Controller
public class SpringMVCTest2 {
//命名规范
@RequestMapping("/d1")
public String test1(String name, Model model) {
model.addAttribute("message", name);
return "user";
}
}
jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${message}
</body>
</html>
springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--自动扫描注解-->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.westos.controller"/>
<!--静态资源过滤-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--注解驱动-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!--试图解析器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!--前缀-->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<!--后缀-->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
配置Tomcat后测试结果(注意这里没有使用Restful风格传递参数)
二、处理命名不规范的数据
命名不规范。即:用户传递的参数名和我们要处理的参数名不一致,需使用@RequestParam注解,
该注解有三个参数,分别如下:
- value:请求参数名(必须配置)
- required:是否必需,默认为 true,即 请求中必须包含该参数,如果没有包含,将会抛出异常(可选配置)
- defaultValue:默认值,如果设置了该值,required 将自动设为 false,无论你是否配置了required,配置了什么值,都是 false(可选配置)
控制层
需在方法参数前加上@RequestParam(value = “XXX”,required = false)
//命名不规范
@RequestMapping("/d2")
public String test2(@RequestParam(value = "username",required = false)String name,Model model){
model.addAttribute("message",name);
return "user";
}
测试结果:
三、传递对象
提交表单的数据和对象的属性名一致,参数直接使用对象即可;否则按照上面方式处理
控制层
//传递对象
@RequestMapping("/d3")
public String test3(User user,Model model){
model.addAttribute("user",user);
return "user";
}
jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${user.getId()}
${user.getName()}
${user.getAge()}
</body>
</html>
测试结果
四、乱码处理
乱码问题一般可以在web.xml配置文件中配置过滤器为org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
,
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
如不能解决,还可尝试使用如下自定义的过滤器
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 解决get和post请求 全部乱码的过滤器
*/
public class GenericEncodingFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//处理response的字符编码
HttpServletResponse myResponse=(HttpServletResponse) response;
myResponse.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
// 转型为与协议相关对象
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
// 对request包装增强
HttpServletRequest myrequest = new MyRequest(httpServletRequest);
chain.doFilter(myrequest, response);
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
}
}
//自定义request对象,HttpServletRequest的包装类
class MyRequest extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private HttpServletRequest request;
//是否编码的标记
private boolean hasEncode;
//定义一个可以传入HttpServletRequest对象的构造函数,以便对其进行装饰
public MyRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
super(request);// super必须写
this.request = request;
}
// 对需要增强方法 进行覆盖
@Override
public Map getParameterMap() {
// 先获得请求方式
String method = request.getMethod();
if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("post")) {
// post请求
try {
// 处理post乱码
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
return request.getParameterMap();
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else if (method.equalsIgnoreCase("get")) {
// get请求
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
if (!hasEncode) { // 确保get手动编码逻辑只运行一次
for (String parameterName : parameterMap.keySet()) {
String[] values = parameterMap.get(parameterName);
if (values != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
try {
// 处理get乱码
values[i] = new String(values[i]
.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
hasEncode = true;
}
return parameterMap;
}
return super.getParameterMap();
}
//取一个值
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
if (values == null) {
return null;
}
return values[0]; // 取回参数的第一个值
}
//取所有值
@Override
public String[] getParameterValues(String name) {
Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = getParameterMap();
String[] values = parameterMap.get(name);
return values;
}
}
然后在web.xml配置文件中将过滤器配置为以上自定义的过滤器