Java实现邮件发送
一、邮件服务器与传输协议
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要在网络上实现邮件功能，必须要有专门的邮件服务器。这些邮件服务器类似于现实生活中的邮局，它主要负责接收用户投递过来的邮件，并把邮件投递到邮件接收者的电子邮箱中。
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SMTP服务器地址：一般是 smtp.xxx.com，比如163邮箱是smtp.163.com，qq邮箱是smtp.qq.com。
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SMTP协议
通常把处理用户smtp请求(邮件发送请求)的服务器称之为SMTP服务器(邮件发送服务器)。
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POP3协议
通常把处理用户pop3请求(邮件接收请求)的服务器称之为POP3服务器(邮件接收服务器)。
二、Java发送邮件
使用到的jar包：
- mail.jar
- activation.jar
QQ邮箱需获取相应的权限：
QQ邮箱–>邮箱设置–>账户–>POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务 开启POP3/SMTP服务，然后获取16位授权码（注意不要将授权码泄露，一个账户可以拥有多个授权码）
Java实现纯文本邮件发送
package org.westos.email;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class SendEamil {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MessagingException, GeneralSecurityException {
//创建一个配置文件并保存
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.setProperty("mail.host","smtp.qq.com");
properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp");
properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true");
//QQ存在一个特性设置SSL加密
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);
//创建一个session对象
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication("619046217@qq.com","16位授权码");
}
});
//开启debug模式
session.setDebug(true);
//获取连接对象
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//连接服务器
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com","619046217@qq.com","16位授权码");
//创建邮件对象
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
//邮件发送人
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("619046217@qq.com"));
//邮件接收人
mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress("875203654@qq.com"));
//邮件标题
mimeMessage.setSubject("Hello Mail");
//邮件内容
mimeMessage.setContent("我的想法是把代码放进一个循环里","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//关闭连接
transport.close();
}
}
Java实现文本图片附件复杂的邮件发送
MIME（多用途互联网邮件扩展类型）
MimeBodyPart类
javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart类 表示的是一个MIME消息，它和MimeMessage类一样都是从Part接口继承过来。
MimeMultipart类
javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart是抽象类 Multipart的实现子类,它用来组合多个MIME消息。一个MimeMultipart对象可以包含多个代表MIME消息的MimeBodyPart对象
package org.westos.email;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;
import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Properties;
public class SendComplexEmail {
public static void main(String[] args) throws GeneralSecurityException, MessagingException {
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("mail.host", "smtp.qq.com"); 设置QQ邮件服务器
prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp"); // 邮件发送协议
prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); // 需要验证用户名密码
// QQ邮箱设置SSL加密
MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);
//1、创建定义整个应用程序所需的环境信息的 Session 对象
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
//传入发件人的姓名和授权码
return new PasswordAuthentication("619046217@qq.com","16位授权码");
}
});
//2、通过session获取transport对象
Transport transport = session.getTransport();
//3、通过transport对象邮箱用户名和授权码连接邮箱服务器
transport.connect("smtp.qq.com","619046217@qq.com","16位授权码");
//4、创建邮件,传入session对象
MimeMessage mimeMessage = complexEmail(session);
//5、发送邮件
transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
//6、关闭连接
transport.close();
}
public static MimeMessage complexEmail(Session session) throws MessagingException {
//消息的固定信息
MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session);
//发件人
mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress("619046217@qq.com"));
//收件人
mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress("619046217@qq.com"));
//邮件标题
mimeMessage.setSubject("带图片和附件的邮件");
//邮件内容
//准备图片数据
MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
DataHandler handler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("E:\\IdeaProjects\\WebEmail\\resources\\测试图片.png"));
image.setDataHandler(handler);
image.setContentID("test.png"); //设置图片id
//准备文本
MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
text.setContent("这是一段文本<img src='cid:test.png'>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//附件
MimeBodyPart appendix = new MimeBodyPart();
appendix.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("E:\\IdeaProjects\\WebEmail\\resources\\测试文件.txt")));
appendix.setFileName("test.txt");
//拼装邮件正文
MimeMultipart mimeMultipart = new MimeMultipart();
mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(image);
mimeMultipart.addBodyPart(text);
mimeMultipart.setSubType("related");//文本和图片内嵌成功
//将拼装好的正文内容设置为主体
MimeBodyPart contentText = new MimeBodyPart();
contentText.setContent(mimeMultipart);
//拼接附件
MimeMultipart allFile = new MimeMultipart();
allFile.addBodyPart(appendix);//附件
allFile.addBodyPart(contentText);//正文
allFile.setSubType("mixed"); //正文和附件都存在邮件中，所有类型设置为mixed
//放到Message消息中
mimeMessage.setContent(allFile);
mimeMessage.saveChanges();//保存修改
return mimeMessage;
}
}
JavaWeb发送邮件(网站注册成功发送提示邮件)
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User
package org.westos.mail; public class User { private String name; private String password; private String mail; public User() { } public User(String name, String password, String mail) { this.name = name; this.password = password; this.mail = mail; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getMail() { return mail; } public void setMail(String mail) { this.mail = mail; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + ", mail='" + mail + '\'' + '}'; } } -
Servlet
package org.westos.mail; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class Servlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request,response); } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { //处理前端请求 String username = request.getParameter("username"); String password = request.getParameter("password"); String email = request.getParameter("email"); //将信息封装进user对象 User user = new User(username, password, email); SendMail sendMail = new SendMail(user); sendMail.start(); //开启线程 request.setAttribute("msg","发送成功"); try { request.getRequestDispatcher("msg.jsp").forward(request,response); } catch (ServletException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } -
SengMail
package org.westos.mail; import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.AddressException; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import java.security.GeneralSecurityException; import java.security.PublicKey; import java.util.Properties; public class SendMail extends Thread { //发件人信息 private String From = "619046217@qq.com"; //发件人邮箱 private String recipient = "619046217@qq.com"; //邮箱密码 private String password = "16位授权码"; //邮件发送的服务器 private String host = "smtp.qq.com"; //收件人信息 private User user; public SendMail(User user){ this.user = user; } @Override public void run() { try { Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.setProperty("mail.host","smtp.qq.com"); properties.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol","smtp"); properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth","true"); //QQ存在一个特性设置SSL加密 MailSSLSocketFactory sf = null; try { sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory(); } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } sf.setTrustAllHosts(true); properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true"); properties.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf); //创建一个session对象 Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new Authenticator() { @Override protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(recipient,password); } }); //开启debug模式 session.setDebug(true); //获取连接对象 Transport transport = null; try { transport = session.getTransport(); } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } //连接服务器 transport.connect(host,From,password); //创建一个邮件发送对象 MimeMessage mimeMessage = new MimeMessage(session); //邮件发送人 mimeMessage.setFrom(new InternetAddress(recipient)); //邮件接收人 mimeMessage.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(user.getMail())); //邮件标题 mimeMessage.setSubject("网站注册成功"); //邮件内容 mimeMessage.setContent("网站注册成功，密码为"+user.getPassword()+"，请妥善保管密码","text/html;charset=UTF-8"); //发送邮件 transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage,mimeMessage.getAllRecipients()); transport.close(); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } -
register.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>注册页面</title> </head> <body> <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/a.do" method="post"> <p>用户名：<input type="text" name="username" required></p> <p>密码：<input type="password" name="password" required></p> <p>邮箱：<input type="email" name="email" required></p> <p><input type="submit" value="提交"></p> </form> </body> </html> -
msg.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> ${msg} </body> </html> -
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>Servlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.westos.mail.Servlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/a.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
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