Oracle RAC集群数据库资源状态与数据库实例状态不一致的情况

场景：
在生产环境修改集群环境下数据库的db_unique_name后，集群数据库资源状态与数据库实例状态发生了不一致

SQL> show parameter db_unique_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name                       string      racdb

SQL> show parameter db_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_name                              string      prod

SQL> alter system set db_unique_name=orcl scope=spfile sid='*';
System altered.

重启节点1节点2实例：
节点1：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup;

节点2：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup;

SQL> show parameter db_unique_name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name                       string      ORCL
//db_unique_name修改完毕

[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl status res -t
查看资源状态:
ora.racdb.db
      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               Instance Shutdown   
      2        OFFLINE OFFLINE                               Instance Shutdown

真实数据库实例状态：
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
racdb1           OPEN

SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
racdb2           OPEN

集群数据库资源状态与真实数据库实例状态不一致。
是因为OCR中记录的db_unique_name与实际数据库的db_unique_name不一致导致的。
并且ora.racdb.db资源是按db_unqiue_name识别的ora.<db_unique_name>.db

查看数据库资源信息：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl  config database -d racdb   //-d db_unique_name
Database unique name: racdb
Database name: prod
Oracle home: /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: racdb
Database instances: racdb1,racdb2
Disk Groups: DATA
Mount point paths: 
Services: session
Type: RAC
Database is administrator managed

[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl status res ora.racdb.db -f
....
....
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=racdb
....
....

可以看出OCR中记录的db_unique_name皆为racdb，而数据库实际db_unique_name为orcl

解决方法：

方式一：使用srvctl 与 crsctl修改OCR中记录的db_unique_name

首先使用srvctl进行修改
srvctl modify database -d <db_unique_name> [-n <db_name>]
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl modify database -d orcl
PRCD-1120 : The resource for database prod could not be found.
PRCR-1001 : Resource ora.prod.db does not exist
提示ora.prod.db资源不存在，说明该资源是根据db_unique_name来识别的,srvctl无法修改。

----

使用crsctl修改OCR中记录的db_unique_name信息:
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/grid/crs_1/bin/crsctl modify res ora.racdb.db -attr 'DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl';

[grid@rac1 ~]$ crsctl status res ora.racdb.db -f
....
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl
....

[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config database -d racdb
Database unique name: orcl
Database name: prod
Oracle home: /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: racdb
Database instances: racdb1,racdb2
PRCD-1120 : The resource for database orcl could not be found.
PRCR-1001 : Resource ora.orcl.db does not exist

修改成功，但是这种方式仅仅修改了OCR中记录的db_unique_name,修改后集群数据库资源状态与真实数据库实例状态仍不一致。
认为是db_unique_name变化后，资源名称也随之变化的问题

方式二：添加一个新数据库资源

方式二：添加一个数据库资源
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl add database -d orcl -o /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1 -n prod -p +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora -r PRIMARY -s open -t immediate -y  AUTOMATIC 
选项列表：
    -d <db_unique_name>      Unique name for the database
    -o <oracle_home>         ORACLE_HOME path
    -c <type>                Type of database: RAC One Node, RAC, or Single Instance
    -e <server_list>         Candidate server list for RAC One Node database
    -i <inst_name>           Instance name prefix for administrator-managed RAC One Node database 
    -w <timeout>             Online relocation timeout in minutes
    -x <node_name>           Node name. -x option is specified for single-instance databases
    -m <domain>              Domain for database. Must be set if database has DB_DOMAIN set.
    -p <spfile>              Server parameter file path
    -r <role>                Role of the database (primary, physical_standby, logical_standby, snapshot_standby)
    -s <start_options>       Startup options for the database. Examples of startup options are OPEN, MOUNT, or 'READ ONLY'.
    -t <stop_options>        Stop options for the database. Examples of shutdown options are NORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL, IMMEDIATE, or ABORT.
    -n <db_name>             Database name (DB_NAME), if different from the unique name given by the -d option
    -y <dbpolicy>            Management policy for the database (AUTOMATIC, MANUAL, or NORESTART)
    -g "<serverpool_list>"   Comma separated list of database server pool names
    -a "<diskgroup_list>"    Comma separated list of disk groups
    -j "<acfs_path_list>"    Comma separated list of ACFS paths where database's dependency will be set
    -h                       Print usage

尝试启动新添加数据库资源：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d orcl
PRKO-3119 : Database orcl cannot be started since it has no configured instances

[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config database -d orcl
Database unique name: orcl
Database name: prod
Oracle home: /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: orcl
Database instances: 
Disk Groups: 
Mount point paths: 
Services: 
Type: RAC
Database is administrator managed

向数据库资源添加实例：//添加实例该方式添加
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d orcl -i racdb1 -n rac1
[oracle@rac1 ~]$ srvctl add instance -d orcl -i racdb2 -n rac2

[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config database -d orcl
Database unique name: orcl
Database name: prod
Oracle home: /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: orcl
Database instances: racdb1,racdb2
Disk Groups: 
Mount point paths: 
Services: 
Type: RAC
Database is administrator managed

再次启动：
[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl start database -d orcl

ora.orcl.db
      1        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac1                     Open                
      2        ONLINE  ONLINE       rac2                     Open


此时集群数据库资源状态与真实数据库实例状态保持一致。

待实例关闭后，删除旧数据库资源
[root@rac1 ~]#crsctl delete res ora.racdb.db

附加：
修改OCR中的DB_NAME

修改OCR中的DB_NAME
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/grid/crs_1/bin/srvctl modify database -d racdb -n prod   
// -n代表修改后的名字

[grid@rac1 ~]$ srvctl config database -d racdb 
Database unique name: racdb
Database name: prod
Oracle home: /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: +DATA/racdb/spfileracdb.ora
Domain: 
Start options: open
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PRIMARY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Server pools: racdb
Database instances: racdb1,racdb2
Disk Groups: DATA
Mount point paths: 
Services: session
Type: RAC
Database is administrator managed