【B++】求极限例题大赏：数列和/积

连加

【BV1eV411U7ht】积
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+\cdots +\frac{1}{n+n})$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{1}{n}(\frac{1}{1+\frac{1}{n}}+\frac{1}{1+\frac{2}{n}}+\cdots +\frac{1}{1+\frac{n}{n}})$
$={\int }_0^1\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{1+x}$
$=\ln 2$

【BV1hN4y1F79E】积
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\cdots +\sqrt{n})(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\cdots +\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}})}{n(n+1)}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{({\int }_1^n\sqrt{t}\mathrm{d}t)({\int }_1^n\frac{1}{\sqrt{t}}\mathrm{d}t)}{n(n+1)}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{\frac{2}{3}{n}^{\frac{3}{2}}\cdot 2\sqrt{n}}{n(n+1)}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{4}{3}\frac{n^2}{n(n+1)}$
$=\frac{4}{3}$

【BV1r3411G7DJ】【BV1wb4y1472j】积洛
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{1+\frac{1}{2}+\cdots +\frac{1}{n}}{\ln (1+n)}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{{\int }_1^n\frac{1}{t}\mathrm{d}t}{\ln (1+n)}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{\frac{1}{n}}{\frac{1}{1+n}}$
$=1$

【BV1Ap4y1s7FP】积洛指洛
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{1+\sqrt{2}+\cdots +\sqrt[n]{n}}{n}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{{\int }_1^n\sqrt[t]{t}\mathrm{d}t}{n}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{n}^{\frac{1}{n}}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{\frac{\ln n}{n}}$
$=e^0$
$=1$

【BV1HP4y1o7bx】积洛
$\underset{t\to 1^{-}}{\lim }\sqrt{1-t}(1+t^{1^2}+t^{2^2}+t^{3^2}+\cdots )$
$=\underset{t\to 1^{-}}{\lim }\sqrt{1-t}{\int }_0^{+\infty }{t}^{x^2}\mathrm{d}x$
$=\underset{t\to 1^{-}}{\lim }\sqrt{1-t}{\int }_0^{+\infty }{e}^{x^2\ln t}\mathrm{d}x$
因为${\int }_0^{+\infty }{e}^{-x^2}\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{2}$，换元可得${\int }_0^{+\infty }{e}^{-k{x}^2}\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{2}\sqrt{\frac{1}{k}}$
所以原式$=\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{2}\sqrt{\underset{t\to 1^{-}}{\lim }\frac{1-t}{-\ln t}}$
$=\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{2}\sqrt{\underset{t\to 1^{-}}{\lim }\frac{-1}{-\frac{1}{t}}}$
$=\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{2}$

【BV1KD4y1H7MQ】积
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }(\frac{1}{4n+1}+\frac{1}{4n+2}+\cdots +\frac{1}{4n+2n})$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{1}{n}(\frac{1}{4+\frac{1}{n}}+\frac{1}{4+\frac{2}{n}}+\cdots +\frac{1}{4+\frac{2n}{n}})$
$={\int }_0^2\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{4+x}$
$=[\ln (x+4){]}_0^2$
$=\ln 3-\ln 2$

【BV1PU4y127bK】积洛
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{1^k+2^k+\cdots +n^k}{n^{k+1}}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{{\int }_1^t{t}^k\mathrm{d}t}{n^{k+1}}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{n^k}{(k+1)n^k}$
$=\frac{1}{k+1}$，且k>-1时收敛

【BV1Ty4y17754】积
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}+\cdots +\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(1+2+\cdots +n)}}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{{\int }_1^n\sqrt{t}\mathrm{d}t}{\sqrt{n}\sqrt{{\int }_0^{n}t\mathrm{d}t}}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{\frac{2}{3}{n}^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\sqrt{n}\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}{n}^2}}$
$=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{2}$

连乘

【BV1aT41117ms】指积
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{\sqrt[n]{(n+1)(n+2)\cdots 2n}}{n}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{\frac{1}{n}\ln (n+1)+\frac{1}{n}\ln (n+2)+\cdots +\frac{1}{n}\ln 2n-\ln n}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{\frac{1}{n}\ln (1+\frac{1}{n})+\frac{1}{n}\ln (1+\frac{2}{n})+\cdots +\frac{1}{n}\ln (1+\frac{n}{n})}$
$=e^{{\int }_0^1\ln (1+x)\mathrm{d}x}$
$=e^{[(1+x)\ln (1+x)-x{]}_0^1}$
$=\frac{4}{e}$

【BV1ch411D7pT】
$\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\cos \frac{x}{2}\cos \frac{x}{2^2}\cdots \cos \frac{x}{2^n}$
$=\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\cos \frac{x}{2}\cos \frac{x}{2^2}\cdots \cos \frac{x}{2^n}\cdot \sin \frac{x}{2^n}\cdot \frac{1}{\sin \frac{x}{2^n}}$
$=\frac{1}{2}\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\cos \frac{x}{2}\cos \frac{x}{2^2}\cdots \cos \frac{x}{2^{n-1}}\cdot \sin \frac{x}{2^{n-1}}\cdot \frac{1}{\sin \frac{x}{2^n}}$
$=\frac{1}{2^2}\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\cos \frac{x}{2}\cos \frac{x}{2^2}\cdots \cos \frac{x}{2^{n-2}}\cdot \sin \frac{x}{2^{n-2}}\cdot \frac{1}{\sin \frac{x}{2^n}}$
$=\cdots$
$=\frac{1}{2^n}\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }\frac{\sin x}{\sin \frac{x}{2^n}}$
$=\frac{1}{2^n}\cdot 2^n$
$=1$

【BV1ho4y1D7fS】指积
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{\sqrt[n]{n!}}{n}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{\frac{1}{n}\ln n!-\ln n}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{\frac{1}{n}(\ln \frac{1}{n}+\ln \frac{2}{n}+\cdots +\ln \frac{n}{n})}$
$=e^{{\int }_0^1\ln x\mathrm{d}x}$
$=\frac{1}{e}$

【BV1hA411o7co】指积洛
$\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }\frac{(n^2+1)(n^2+2)\cdots (n^2+n)}{(n^2-1)(n^2-2)\cdots (n^2-n)}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{n[\frac{1}{n}\ln (\frac{n+\frac{1}{n}}{n-\frac{1}{n}})+\frac{1}{n}\ln (\frac{n+\frac{2}{n}}{n-\frac{2}{n}})+\cdots +\frac{1}{n}\ln (\frac{n+\frac{n}{n}}{n-\frac{n}{n}})]}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{n{\int }_0^1\ln (\frac{n+t}{n-t})\mathrm{d}t}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{n[(n+t)\ln (n+t)+(n-t)\ln (n-t){]}_0^1}$
$=\underset{n\to +\infty }{\lim }{e}^{n^2\ln \frac{n^2-1}{n^2}+n\ln \frac{n+1}{n-1}}$
$=\underset{n\to 0^{+}}{\lim }{e}^{\frac{\ln (1-n^2)}{n^2}+\frac{\ln (1+n)-\ln (1-n)}{n}}$
$=\underset{n\to 0^{+}}{\lim }{e}^{\frac{-2n}{2n(1-n^2)}+\frac{1}{1+n}+\frac{1}{1-n}}$
$=e$

【BV1Pg4y1i7pv】指倒展
$\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }(\frac{x^n}{(x-1)(x-2)\cdots (x-n)}{)}^{2x}$
$=\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }{e}^{2x[n\ln x-\ln (x-1)-\ln (x-2)-\cdots -\ln (x-n)]}$
$=\underset{x\to \infty }{\lim }{e}^{-2x[\ln (1-\frac{1}{x})+\ln (1-\frac{2}{x})+\cdots +\ln (1-\frac{n}{x})]}$
$=\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }{e}^{-\frac{2}{x}[\ln (1-x)+\ln (1-2x)+\cdots +\ln (1-nx)]}$
$=\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }{e}^{-\frac{2}{x}(-x-2x-\cdots -nx+o(x))}$
$=\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }{e}^{n^2+n}$

取整

【BV1pM411t7Y1】
$\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }x[\frac{1}{x}]$
$=\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }x(\frac{1}{x}+C),C\in R$
$=\underset{x\to 0}{\lim }1+Cx,C\in R$
$=1$