IoC(2)

依赖注入

常用：构造方法注入、setter注入
注意：实例注入和静态工厂注入

构造方法注入

构造方法可以根据参数索引、参数类型、参数名注入(有限制)或者使用 @ConstructorProperties在构造方法上来指定参数名

HelloImpl.java

package com.hello.dao.Impl;

import java.beans.ConstructorProperties;

import com.hello.dao.HelloDao;

public class HelloImpl implements HelloDao{
	private int id;
	private String password;
	//@ConstructorProperties(value = { "id","password" })
    public HelloImpl(int id,String password) {
    	this.id=id;
    	this.password=password;
	}
	@Override
	public void sayHello() {
    System.out.println("id:"+id+"/password:"+password);		
	}

}

applicationContext.xml

       <!--id为组件名 class为组件类  -->
       <bean id="byIndex" class="com.hello.dao.Impl.HelloImpl">
       <!--index为索引从0开始  -->
       <constructor-arg index="0" value="1"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg index="1" value="111"></constructor-arg>
       </bean>
       <!--除了基本类型以外 其余必须填写全限定类名  -->
       <bean id="byType" class="com.hello.dao.Impl.HelloImpl">
       <constructor-arg type="int" value="2"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="222"></constructor-arg>
       </bean>
       <!--构造函数的参数名  -->
       <bean id="byName" class="com.hello.dao.Impl.HelloImpl">
       <constructor-arg name="id" value="3"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg name="password" value="333"></constructor-arg>     
       </bean>

HelloTest.java

package com.test;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.hello.dao.HelloDao;

public class HelloTest extends TestCase {
	public void testHelloWorld(){
		//实例化IoC容器
		ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//获取bean 这里是实现接口
		HelloDao helloDao1=context.getBean("byIndex",HelloDao.class);
		HelloDao helloDao2=context.getBean("byType",HelloDao.class);
		HelloDao helloDao3=context.getBean("byName",HelloDao.class);
		//执行业务
		helloDao1.sayHello();
		helloDao2.sayHello();
		helloDao3.sayHello();
	}

}

setter注入

对Bean类的setter方法进行注入

HelloImpl.java

package com.hello.dao.Impl;

import com.hello.dao.HelloDao;

public class HelloImpl implements HelloDao{
	private int id;
	private String password;

	@Override
	public void sayHello() {
    System.out.println("id:"+id+"/password:"+password);		
	}
	
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

}

applicationContext.xml

       <!--id为组件名 class为组件类  -->
       <bean id="bySet" class="com.hello.dao.Impl.HelloImpl">
       <!--setId()则name为id  -->
       <property name="id"><value>4</value></property>
       <property name="password" value="444"></property>
       </bean>

HelloTest.java

package com.test;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.hello.dao.HelloDao;

public class HelloTest extends TestCase {
	public void testHelloWorld(){
		//实例化IoC容器
		ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//获取bean 这里是实现接口
		HelloDao helloDao1=context.getBean("bySet",HelloDao.class);
		//执行业务
		helloDao1.sayHello();
	}

}

常量注入

       <property name="id"><value>4</value></property>
       <property name="password" value="444"></property>

两种写法均可以,第二种较为简洁

value中的是字符串,IoC容器会自动进行类型转换,如果类型转换出错则抛出异常

注意:对于String转boolean,Spring有容错机制"true/false"可以写成"yes/no"、“on/off”、“1/0”

集合数组字典properties注入

• 集合

ListBean.java

package com.list;

import java.util.List;

public class ListBean {
	
private List<String> list;

public int listLength(){
	return this.list.size();
}

public List<String> getList() {
	return list;
}

public void setList(List<String> list) {
	this.list = list;
}

}

application.xml

       <bean id="listBean" class="com.list.ListBean">
        <!--name依然为set注入  -->
        <property name="list">
        <!-- 1 value-type指定条目的数据类型 -->
        <!-- 2 Spring会根据泛型指定条目的数据类型 -->
        <!-- 3 若没有value-type也没有泛型,则默认为String类型 -->
         <list value-type="java.lang.String">
           <value>!1!</value>
           <value>!2!</value>
           <value>!3!</value>
         </list>
        </property>
       </bean>

Test.java

package com.test;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.hello.dao.HelloDao;
import com.list.ListBean;

public class Test extends TestCase{
	public void testBean(){
		//实例化IoC容器
		ApplicationContext context =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//获取bean 这里是实现接口
		ListBean listBean=context.getBean("listBean",ListBean.class);
		//执行业务
		System.out.println(listBean.listLength());
	}

}

set类型注入是xml中需要用<set>替换<list>,用法和list一样

而collection则<set>和<list>都能使用

• 数组

• map

properties

Bean的引用

可以通过构造方法注入和setter注入引用其他Bean

1. <constructor-arg index="0" value="1">和<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"><property name="password" value="444">用bean属性替换value属性,bean属性填写别的bean的id或者别名</span>

2. 用<ref bean="">替换<value>,<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">bean属性填写别的bean的id或者别名</span>

其他方式的引用

<ref local="">和<ref parent="">

1. <ref local="">引用的是当前配置文件中用id属性(不会找name和别名)指定的bean即<bean id="">,找不到则抛出异常
2. <ref parent="">查找父容器不会查找本地容器

HelloImpl.java

package com.hello.dao.Impl;

import com.hello.dao.HelloDao;

public class HelloImpl implements HelloDao{
private HelloParent helloParent;
private HelloLocal helloLocal;

@Override
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("parent=name:"+helloParent.getName()+";msg:"+helloParent.getMsg());
System.out.println("local=name:"+helloLocal.getName()+";msg:"+helloLocal.getMsg());	
}

public HelloParent getHelloParent() {
	return helloParent;
}

public void setHelloParent(HelloParent helloParent) {
	this.helloParent = helloParent;
}

public HelloLocal getHelloLocal() {
	return helloLocal;
}

public void setHelloLocal(HelloLocal helloLocal) {
	this.helloLocal = helloLocal;
}


}

applicationContextParent.xml

       <!--父容器 bean  -->
       <bean id="beanParent" class="com.hello.dao.Impl.HelloParent">
        <!--name依然为set注入  -->
        <property name="name" value="parent"></property>
        <property name="msg" value="hello this is parent"/>
       </bean>

applicationContext.xml

       <!--id为组件名 class为组件类  -->
       <bean id="byRefPandL" class="com.hello.dao.Impl.HelloImpl">
        <!--name依然为set注入  -->
        <property name="helloParent"><ref parent="beanParent"/> </property>
        <property name="helloLocal"><ref local="beanLocal"/></property>
       </bean>
       
       <!--本地容器 bean  -->
       <bean id="beanParent" class="com.hello.dao.Impl.HelloParent">
        <!--name依然为set注入  -->
        <property name="name" value="parent"/>
        <property name="msg" value="hello this is Local"/>
       </bean>
        <bean id="beanLocal" class="com.hello.dao.Impl.HelloLocal">
        <!-- name依然为set注入 --> 
        <property name="name" value="local"/>
        <property name="msg" value="hello this is Local"/>
       </bean>

ParentLocalTest.java

package com.test;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.hello.dao.HelloDao;

public class ParentLocalTest extends TestCase {
	public void testHelloWorld(){
		//实例化IoC容器
		ApplicationContext parentContext =new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContextParent.xml");
		ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"applicationContext.xml"}, parentContext);
		//获取bean 这里是实现接口
		HelloDao helloDao1=context.getBean("byRefPandL",HelloDao.class);
		//执行业务
		helloDao1.sayHello();
	}
}