[新概念三] Lesson 4 - The double life of Alfred Bloggs

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆manual adj. 体力的
◆collar n. 衣领
◆sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出
◆privilege n. 好处
◆dustman n. 清洁工
◆corporation n. 公司
◆overalls n. 工作服
◆shower n. 淋浴
◆secret n. 秘密
◆status n. 地位

★manual adj. 体力的
= physical
  manual work:体力工作
  mental work: 脑力工作

★collar n. 衣领
white-collar:白领 ( do mental work)
blue-collar:蓝领 （do manual work）
(get) hot under the collar: 怒气冲天

★sacrifice v. 牺牲，献出
vt. to give up for good purpose
Eg: sacrifice one’s life for the country
    sacrifice time
n.
make many sacrifices

★privilege n. 好处
= advantage
特权 （=special right）
牺牲掉自己的好处：
sacrifice one’s advantage / rivilege

特许某人做某事：
give sb. the rivilege of doing sth.

privileged adj. 荣幸的

★overalls n. 工作服
男工作服； overall 女工作服

★secret n. 秘密
adj. keep secret:保密
It’s between you and me.
I’ll keep it to myself.
confidential : 机密的

in secret:私下里
= secretly, in private, privately
I was told about it in secret.

in the secret: 知道内情
He was in the secret from the beginning.

★status n. 地位
= social position
s-t-a-t-u-s
s-t-a-t-u-e: 雕像，塑像

★corporation n. 公司
★shower n. 淋浴
★dustman n. 清洁工

【课文讲解】
These days, people who do manual work① often receive far more money② than people who work in offices. People who work in offices are frequently referred to③ as ‘white-collar workers' for the simple reason④ that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work. Such is human nature⑤, that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers⑥. This can give rise to⑦ curious situations, as it did in the case of⑧ Alfred Bloggs who⑨ worked as a dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.

When he got married⑩, Alf was too embarrassed to⑾ say anything to his wife about his job. He simply⑿ told her that he worked for the Corporation. Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black suit⒀. He then changed into⒁ overalls and spent the next eight hours as a dustman. Before returning home at night⒂, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Alf did this for over two years and his fellow dustmen kept his secret. Alf's wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will⒃, for Alf has just found another job. He will soon be working in an office. He will be earning only half as much as⒄ he used to, but he feels that his rise in status is well worth⒅ the loss of money. From now on, he will wear a suit all day and others will call him 'Mr. Bloggs', not 'Alf'.


①people who do manual work => blue-collar workers
people who work in offices / do mental work => white-collar workers

②far more money
far--副词，用来强调语气==much

③refer to … as ==regard … as 把…看作为
I always refer to him as bookworm (书呆子).

④for the simple reason => for 引导的原因状语从句
for the reason that 比because正式，因此多用于正式文体

⑤human nature 人性化

⑥such…that…
that 引导同位语从句，进一步补充说明such的基本内涵
His kindness was such that we will never forget him.
=> Such was his kindness…
Such is human nature that we want to get a lot of things free.
Such用在句首，要倒装
本句中的介词for表示一种目的
be willing to do sth. == be ready to do sth.  心甘情愿做…

⑦give rise to , lead to, cause:引起，惹起 =result in
Such conduct might give rise to misunderstandings.
The bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crimes.

⑧in the case of: 至于，就……而言
Eg: Stealing is no shame in the case of him.
in case of: (连) 万一，以防
Eg: You should ensure your house in case of fire.

⑨Who引导定语从句

⑽get married
marry v. 如果强调动作：He married the girl…
         如果表示状态：get married, be married
         如果表明和某人已经结婚多长时间了：be married to sb.
The old man has been married to his wife 50 years.

⑾Too embarrassed to say:太尴尬而没有说明
be ashamed of
Too…to…, 太…而不能

⑿simply adv. 用来修饰限定动词told

⒀dressed in a smart black suit-----形容词短语表示一种状态
Eg: He got to work dressed in a beautiful coat.
He left home wearing a smart black suit.

⒁Changed into: 换上

⒂Before returning home==Before he returned home
在before 引导的时间状语从句中，return 的逻辑主语和主句的主语he是保持一致的，所以这个时间状语是由介词before和动名词搭配而成，相当于before 引导的时间状语从句。
如果运用动名词形式，动名词的逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。
After getting home, he had a good rest.
Before having dinner, he finished all his homework.

⒃She never will = she will never discover the secret
在省略句式中， never要放在助动词之前。
‘Will you go to see her?’
‘ I will never go to see her.’ / ‘No, I never will.’

⒄half  as much as (he used to): 是 … 的一半
half (a quarter, twice, three times ) as …as…表示倍数
I won’t marry a man who is twice as old as me.
We got three times as many people as we expected.
This room is about three times as large as that one.

…as (形容词或副词原形)as… 是 …几倍
比 …多几倍：…times (形容词或副词比较级)
This road is four times longer than that one. => This road is five times as long as that one.

⒅is well worth the loss of money
What he obtained is well worth the loss of time
Well 副词用来加强语气，修饰形容词worth

【Special difficulties】难点
A． 英语中的许多动词不能以人作为宾语，只能代某物或某事。如果需要说明是某人就要用介词to.
Eg: He explained the difficulty to me
He told a story to me.=> He told me a story.
两类词汇：tell可以和双宾语搭配（指物的直接宾语，指人的间接宾语）
          explain, say只能带一个（直接）宾语，在间接宾语前要介词to
She speaks English to her husband and Swedish to her children.
He admitted his guilt to the police.
Did you suggest this idea to him?
当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时，通常放在间接宾语之后，但say除外
I explained to him the impossibility of granting his request.
He confessed to me that he had fallen asleep during the meeting.
B.  worth adj. 后面只能跟名词或动名词
His suggestion is worth considering.

【参考译文】
                         阿尔弗雷德.布洛格斯的双重生活

     如今，从事体力劳动的人的收入一般要比坐办公室的人高出许多。坐办公室的之所以常常被称作“白领工人”，就是因为他们通常是穿着硬领白衬衫，系着领带去上班。许多人常常情愿放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊荣，此乃人之常情。而这常常会引起种种奇怪的现象，在埃尔斯米尔公司当清洁工的艾尔弗雷德.布洛斯就是一个例子。
    艾尔弗结婚时，感到非常难为情，而没有将自己的职业告诉妻子。他只说在埃尔斯米尔公司上班。每天早晨，他穿上一身漂亮的黑色西装离家上班，然后换上工作服，当8个小时清洁工。晚上回家前，他洗个淋浴，重新换上那身黑色西服。两年多以来，艾尔弗一直这样，他的同事也为他保守秘密。艾尔弗的妻子一直不知道她嫁给了一个清洁工，而且她永远也不会知道了，因为艾尔弗已找到薪职，不久就要坐办公室里工作了。他将来挣的钱只有他现在的一半。不过他觉得，地位升高了，损失点儿钱也值得。从此，艾尔弗可以一天到晚穿西服了。别人将称呼他为“布洛格斯先生”，而不再叫他“艾尔弗”了。

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
Comprehension
1  What does the case of Alfred Bloggs illustrate?
a. That people often care more about the status of a job than the salary.
b. That ‘white-collar workers’ usually wear a suit to go to work.
c. That manual workers prefer to keep their job a secret.
d. That office workers usually earn less than manual workers.

illustrate: 阐明，阐述
根据' … a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar worker'
1. A

2  What did Alfred Bloggs do for over two years?
a. He told his wife he worked for the Corporation, when in fact he did not.
b. He disguised himself as a dustman.
c. He led a double life.
d. He earned twice as much as he used to.

disguise /dis'gaiz/ vt. 假装，扮作；隐瞒；n. 假装；化装服
Double life
2. C

3  Why did Alfred Bloggs consider wearing a suit all day and being called 'Mr. Bloggs' so important?
a. His new job is worth more than his previous one in every respect.
b. He will no longer need a shower before returning home from work.
c. He can now tell his wife about his previous job without embarrassment.
d. He feels that other people will respect him more.


3. D
'…he feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of money.'

Structure
4  They usually wear a collar and tie
a. as they work    b. to work    c. going to work    d. in order to work

to go 可以省略
They usually go to work wearing a collar and tie.
4. B

5  Alf was (  ) anything to his wife.
a. so embarrassed he said            b. very embarrassed and said
c. very embarrassed, so he said       d. so embarrassed he did not say

'Alfred was too embarrassed to say anything to his wife about his job.'
Too…to (不定式to 表示否定)
So…that:“如此…以至于”（在that引导的结果状语从句中，如果采用否定式，可以和too…to互换）
Eg: The water is too hot for us to drink. => The water is so hot that we can't drink.
5. D

6  He (  ) told her that he worked for the Corporation ...
a. simply    b. in a simple way    c. and no more    d. only

He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.
Simply adv “仅仅是，再没有别的了” = only, just
无论是simply, only 还是just, 往往用在主体之前
I did it simply / only for the money.
I don't like driving. I do it simply / only because I have to go to work each day.
And no more ---放句尾
in a simple way: 简单的，简朴的
Eg: She was always dressed in a simple way.
6. A

7  Before he ( ) home at night, he took a shower…
a. was returning    b. returned    c. had returned    d. will return

如果主、从的主语一致，可用介词和动名词形式搭配。
Before—连接词，引导时间状语从句（一般使用简单时态，不用将来时）
  Before he returned home…
Before引导的从句，常用一般现在时或一般过去时，不用进行时。
7. B

8  His earnings were only half the amount (  )
a. as they used to    b. they used to    c. they used to be    d. they were used to

' half as much as it used to be'
the amount 要用定语从句进行限定
used to: 当主句的谓语动词是行为动词时，之后的动词必须省略掉。
Used to be:当主句的谓语动词是系动词时，之后必须带有系动词be。
Eg: I feel the summers are hotter than they used to be.
I feel you are much fatter than you used to be.
8.C

Vocabulary
9  Manual workers often receive much higher ( ) than people who work in offices.
a. gains    b. fees    c. payments    d. wages

gain 获利，赢得（表示通过努力） ~time, ~reputation, ~speed, ~height
fee (为专业服务支付的)费用 doctor’s fees, the lawyer's fees,pay for my university fees
payment (商业、信贷)支付的款项（正式）
wages （体力劳动者的）工资
salary (白领的)薪水
9．D

10  His (  ) kept his secret.
a. brothers    b workmates    c. companions    d. comrades

workmate 工友
companion 同伴
10． B

11  His rise in status (more than)  the loss of money.
a. pays back    b. rewards    c. compensates for    d. values

well worth the loss of money
pay back 偿还，报复
reward 酬劳
value 价值
comensate for = make up for 弥补
11． C

12  he wanted to be ( ) 'Mr. Bloggs' , not 'Alf.' .
a. addressed as    b. named    c. cried out    d. shouted

addressed as 被称作
name 命名
cry out 叫
shout 喊
12. A