[新概念三]Lesson 5 - The facts

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆editor n. 编辑
◆extreme n. 极端
◆statistics n. 统计数字
◆journalist n. 新闻记者
◆president n. 总统
◆palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅
◆publish v. 出版
◆fax n. 传真
◆impatient adj. 不耐烦的
◆fire v. 解雇
◆originally adv. 起初，原先，从前

★editor n. 编辑
edit vt. 编辑
edition n.编辑
editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的；n. 社论，评论

★extreme n. 极端
go to extreme(s) to do 走极端
Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one.
He went to extremes to say that his girlfriend was the most beautiful in the world.
go from one extreme to the other

★statistics n. 统计数字

★journalist n. 新闻记者
journalist (杂志) 新闻记者
reproter   (电视台) 记者
correspondent (电台)记者，通讯员

★president n. 总统
★palace n.王宫；宏伟的住宅
★publish v. 出版
Eg: They have already published the magazine.
= print vt.
Eg: the book has already been published.
The book has gone to press.

★fax n. 传真
sent a fax

★impatient adj. 不耐烦的
patient adj. 有耐心的
patiently adv. 有耐心地
impatient adj. 不耐烦的
impatiently adv. 不耐烦地
patience n.
impatience

★fire v. 解雇
He was fired from his job.
dismass (正式)
The manager disissed him from his company.
sack(俚语) vt. 解雇，辞退
Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked.

★originally adv. 起初，原先，从前
original adj. 

【课文讲解】
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes① to provide their readers with② unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed③ by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived④, the editor read the first sentence and then refused⑤ to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which⑥ surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram ⑦instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.

The journalist immediately set out to⑧obtain these important facts, but he took a long time⑨ to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two more faxes⑩ but received no reply. He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to⑾ reply, the editor reluctantly⑿ published the article as it had originally been written⒀. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested⒁, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed⒂ to send a fax in which⒃ he informed the editor that he had been arrested while⒄ counting the 1,084 steps leading to⒅ the fifteen-foot⒆ wall which⒇ surrounded the president's palace.

①go to extremes 走极端

②provide = supply 给…，提供（通常与介词搭配连用）
provede sb. With sth. / provide sth. for sb.
Eg: He provided them with a bed for the night.
He provided a bed for them for the night.

③instruct sb. to do sth ==tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事
‘…a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.’
主动语态：A well-known magazine instructed a journalist to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic.’
  The teacher instructed him to take the examination.
on ==about 侧重强调课题专一
A book on radio

④When the article arrived = When the editor received the article

⑤refuse to publish it
refuse:    vt. 拒绝（态度严厉）
decline:   vt.  婉言谢绝
repudiate: vt.  断然拒绝

⑥which 指代the high wall

⑦instructing—现在分词进一步补充说明fax的情况

⑧set out to do sth.==decide and try to do 决定，打算，着手做=set about doing
Eg: He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years

⑨take sb. a long time to do sth. 某事花了某人很久的时间
It took me five days to write the article.
初中课文中有一篇是关于国王让画家画马的，也有这么个句子
It took the artist one year to learn to draw a beautiful horse.

⑩two more faxes = another two faxes

⑾fail to 未能做某事，忘记做某事

⑿reluctantly = unwillingly 勉勉强强地，不情愿地

⒀as it had originally been written = in its original way

⒁倒装简述：
not only 位于句首，必须采用倒装形式
The poor man had not only been arrested, but had been sent to prison as well.
1．否定副词位于句首，要倒装。
   Never have I read such stories. 我从来没有读过这样的小说。
   Nowhere can he find the book he wants. 无论在哪儿他都找不到他想要的那本书。
   Hardly did I think it possible. 我并不认为这是可能的。
常用的否定副词：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no sooner
2．含有only的状语位于句首，句子要倒装
   Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.只有到那个时候，他才认识到自己犯了个错误。
   Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be possible to plan a trip.
只有获得比较多的信息之后，才有可能计划去旅行。
3．还有not的副词短语位于句首，要倒装。
   not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant, not until
   Not in the least is he interested in Englsh literature. 他对英国文学一点都不感兴趣。
   Not for an instant did i believe he had lied.
4．含有no的短语位于句首，句子要倒装。
   at no time, in no way, in no sence, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition , under no circumstances.‘绝不’
    Under no circumstances can we accpet the check.无论如何我们不能接受这笔钱。
    On no account must you leave the baby in the house.你无论如何也不能把婴儿留在房间里。
5．so,suh位于句首，句子也要倒装。

⒂He had at last been allowed = he had at last been permitted
= he had asked for permission
请求允许，被允许： be allowed to do, be permitted to do, asked for permission to do sth.

⒃in which ----which指代fax

⒄while和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示“正在做某事的过程中”，可以用while引导的时间状语从句去替换。
  while he was counting…

⒅leading to 现在分词，通向
the steps leading to the president’s palace
the road leading to the forest

⒆fifteen-foot ----做前置定语，这里的名词必须是单数形式（一般加杠的全成词，后面的名词用单数）

⒇which指代wall (避免和前面的句式结构相同)

【Special difficulties】
倒装的用法
Exercise
Write these sentences again beginning each one with the words in italics.
1  He has not only made this mistake before but he will make it again.
2  I realized what was happening only then.
3  I will never trust him again.
4  You seldom find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.

key:

1  Not only has he made this mistake before but he will make it again.
2  Only then did I realize what was happening.
3  Never will I trust him again.
4  Seldom do You find traffic wardens who are kind and helpful.
warden n.看护人，守护人

【参考译文】
    报刊杂志的编辑常常为了向读者提供成立一些关紧要的事实和统计数字而走向极端。去年，一位记者受一家有名的杂志的委托写一篇关于非洲某个新成立共和国总统府的文章。稿子寄来后，编辑看第一句话就拒绝予以发表。文章的开头是这样的：“几百级台阶通向环绕总统的高墙。”编辑立即给那位记者发去传真，要求他核实一下台阶的确切数字和围墙的高度。
    记者立即出发去核实这些重要的事实，但过了好长时间不见他把数字寄来，在此期间，编辑等得不耐烦了，因为杂志马上要付印。他给记者先后发去两份传真，但对方毫无反应。于是他又发了一份传真，通知那位记者说，若再不迅速答复，将被解雇。但记者还是没有回复。编辑无奈，勉强按原样发稿了。一周之后，编辑终于接到记者的传真。那个可怜的记者不仅被捕了，而且还被送进了监狱。不过，他终于获准发回了一份传真。在传真中他告诉编辑，就在他数通向15英尺高的总统府围墙的1，084级台阶时，被抓了起来。
 

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
Comprehension
1 The editor acted as he did because .
a. he wanted an excuse to fire the journalist
b. he had not read the article beyond the first sentence
c. he was dissatisfied with the factual content of the article
d. he wanted to please the president of the new African republic

1. C

2 The journalist took a long time to sent the details required because .
a. it took him a long time to count all the steps
b. he had not been allowed to fax the information he had obtained
c. he did not realize how soon the magazine would go to press
d. he had been arrested before he had had time to obtain the facts

2. B

3 Why had the journalist been arrested?
a. Because his activities must have appeared suspicious.
b. For having gone to extremes to provide unimportant facts.
c. For climbing the palace wall in order to measure its height.
d. Because the article was published in its original form.

3. A

Structure
4 the first sentence, the editor refused to publish the article.
a. Reading b. Having read c. He read d. Being read

首选从句、分词、独立主格结构,缺少了时间状语从句的连接词
4． B
体会出and then
Having seen the movie, they went for a walk.

5 The magazine to press.
a. was b. had gone c. was about to go d. was due

5.C

6 He sent the journalist two faxes, but did not receive .
a. the replies b. the reply c. no reply d. a reply

表示“任意”
6． D

7 he informed the journalist he would be fired unless he .
a. was replied b. relied c. would reply d. did not reply

unless = if not
一般过去时
7． B

8 He informed while carrying out his instructions.
a. his arrest to the editor b. the editor his arrest
c. the editor of his arrest d. the editor that his arrest had been

inform sb. of /about sth. 通知某人做某事
8． C

Vocabary
9 Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their
with unimportant facts and statistics.
a. audience b. lectures c. public d. common

9． C

10 The magazine would soon go to press. It would soon be .
a. pressing b. printed c. typed d. impressed

10． B
print =publish

11 The poor man had been arrested. He was very .
a. poor b. stupid c. innocent d. unfortunate

innocent 无辜的
11. D

12 He had at last been to send a fax.
a. admitted b. let c. left d. given permission

请求允许做某事：ask for permission to do sth
允许某人做某事：be given permission to d sth
12. D