一.相关知识
微信公众账号开发时,常常需要获取access_token(入口权限),有了access_token(入口权限),才能获取用户信息,调用微信接口;微信为我们提供了两种access_token,页面授权access_token和基础access_token(姑且怎么叫吧),它们是完全不同的。
页面授权access_token主要作用是:如果用户在微信客户端中访问第三方网页,公众号可以通过微信网页授权机制,来获取用户基本信息,进而实现业务逻辑。获取页面授权access_token没有次数限制;
基础access_token主要作用是:是公众号的全局唯一票据,公众号调用各接口时都需使用access_token。获取 基础access_token每天有2000次的次数限制,如果每次调用接口都获取一次,重复获取将导致上次获取的access_token失效,访问量稍微大一些, 基础access_token很快就被用完,这样就需要开发者需要进行妥善保存。
今天写这篇博客的主要目的是为了解决基础access_token的次数限制。
本人参考过网上的一些资料,经过本人整理,现在和大家分享:
二. 具体实现:
1. 建立公总账号项目,本人用eclipse建立dynamic web project
2. 通过启动项目时启动一个线程,通过线程实现定时刷新,重新获取基础access_token,
web.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
<display-name></display-name>
<!--项目启动时启动一个servlet,servlet里启动一个获取access_token线程 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>initAccessTokenServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>
com.it.servlet.AccessTokenServlet
</servlet-class>
<!--配置 appid 参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>appid</param-name>
<param-value>your appid</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--配置 appsecret 参数 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>appsecret</param-name>
<param-value>your appsecret</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--自启动该 servlet -->
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>test.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
3. 建立Access_token对象
package com.it.servlet;
public class AccessToken {
public String getAccessToken() {
return accessToken;
}
public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
this.accessToken = accessToken;
}
public int getExpiresin() {
return expiresin;
}
public void setExpiresin(int expiresin) {
this.expiresin = expiresin;
}
private String accessToken;
private int expiresin;
}
4. AccessTokenServlet实现:
package com.it.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.fengzheng.wechat.accesstoken.*;
/**
* Servlet implementation class AccessTokenServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/AccessTokenServlet")
public class AccessTokenServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
public void init() throws ServletException {
TokenThread.appId = getInitParameter("appid");
//获取servlet初始参数appid和appsecret
TokenThread.appSecret = getInitParameter("appsecret");
System.out.println("appid:"+TokenThread.appId);
System.out.println("appSecret:"+TokenThread.appSecret);
new Thread(new TokenThread()).start(); //启动进程
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
5.获取access_token ,实现线程TokenThread:
package org.fengzheng.wechat.accesstoken;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import com.it.servlet.AccessToken;
public class TokenThread implements Runnable {
public static String appId = "";
public static String appSecret= "";
public static AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken();
public void run(){
while (true){
try{
accessToken = this.getAccessToken();
if(null!=accessToken){
System.out.println(accessToken.getAccessToken());
Thread.sleep(7000 * 1000);
//获取到access_token 休眠7000秒
}else{
//获取的access_token为空 休眠3秒
}
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("发生异常:"+e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
try{
Thread.sleep(1000*10); //发生异常休眠1秒
}catch (Exception e1){
}
}
}
}
/**
* 获取access_token
* @return
*/
private AccessToken getAccessToken(){
NetWorkHelper netHelper = new NetWorkHelper();
String Url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+appId+"&secret="+appSecret;
System.out.println("-------getAccessToken--------");
JSONObject json = NetWorkHelper.httpsRequest(Url,"GET", null);
System.out.println("-------getAccessToken--------");
System.out.println(json);
AccessToken token = new AccessToken();
token.setAccessToken(json.getString("access_token"));
token.setExpiresin(json.getInt("expires_in"));
return token;
}
}
6.获取access_token 的 http请求方式GET实现
package org.fengzheng.wechat.accesstoken;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
import com.it.servlet.MyX509TrustManager;
public class NetWorkHelper {
/*
* 发送 https 请求
* @param requestUrl 请求地址
* @param requestMethod 请求方式(GET、POST)
* @param outputStr 提交的数据
* @return JSONObject(通过 JSONObject.get(key) 的方式获取 JSON 对象的属性值)
*/
public static JSONObject httpsRequest(String requestUrl, String requestMethod, String outputStr) {
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try {
// 创建 SSLContext 对象,并使用我们指定的信任管理器初始化
TrustManager[] tm = { new MyX509TrustManager() };
SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");
sslContext.init(null, tm, new java.security.SecureRandom());
// 从上述 SSLContext 对象中得到 SSLSocketFactory 对象
SSLSocketFactory ssf = sslContext.getSocketFactory();
URL url = new URL(requestUrl);
HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setSSLSocketFactory(ssf);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.setUseCaches(false);
// 设置请求方式(GET/POST)
conn.setRequestMethod(requestMethod);
// 当 outputStr 不为 null 时,向输出流写数据
if (null != outputStr) {
OutputStream outputStream = conn.getOutputStream();
// 注意编码格式
outputStream.write(outputStr.getBytes("UTF-8"));
outputStream.close();
}
// 从输入流读取返回内容
InputStream inputStream = conn.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, "utf-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
String str = null;
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
while ((str = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(str);
}
// 释放资源
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
inputStream.close();
inputStream = null;
conn.disconnect();
jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(buffer.toString());
} catch (ConnectException ce) {
System.out.println(" 连接超时:{}"+ ce);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("https 请求异常:{}"+ e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
}
7. http请求方式,使用我们指定的信任管理器对象
package com.it.servlet;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
/**
* 信任管理器
*
* @author
*/
public class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
}
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
}
8. 获取引用(test.jsp)
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page import="org.fengzheng.wechat.accesstoken.TokenThread" %>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
access_token为:<%=TokenThread.accessToken.getAccessToken()%>
</body>
</html>
9. 测试,需要注意
修改TokenThread
的休眠时间 ,最好时间设定的短些(7000秒估计你等不了吧);
Thread.sleep(7000 * 1000);
//获取到access_token 休眠7000秒
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