Android Service完全解析

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-24 15:42:18 发布

AlexYBB

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-24 15:42:18 发布

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针对Service写了一个demo，程序中有注释，其中包括进程间通信，AIDL，Activity与Service之间的关联绑定等，demo主要模拟远程Service用法

package com.alipay.servicetest;

//在此aidl文件中定义Activity需要与Service进行通信的方法

interface MyAIDLService{
	int plus(int a, int b);
	String toUpperCase(String str);
}

/**
 * Alipay.com Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2015 All Rights Reserved.
 */
package com.alipay.servicetest;

import com.alipay.servicetest.MyAIDLService.Stub;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;

/**在此处实现我们刚刚定义好的MyAIDLService接口
 * 
 * @author quyang.ybb
 * @version $Id: MyService.java, v 0.1 2015年10月17日 下午9:18:14 quyang.ybb Exp $
 */
public class MyService extends Service {

    public static final String TAG = "MyService";
    
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate() executed");
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onStartCommand() executed");
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy() executed");
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    /** 
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind(android.content.Intent)
     */
    //onBind()方法用于和Activity建立关联
    //在onBind()方法中将MyAIDLService.Stub的实现返回。这里为什么可以
    //这样写呢？因为Stub其实就是Binder的子类，所以在onBind()方法中可以直接返回Stub的实现。
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.d(TAG, "onBind() executed");
        return mBinder;
    }
    
    MyAIDLService.Stub mBinder = new Stub() {
        
        @Override
        public String toUpperCase(String str) throws RemoteException {
            Log.d(TAG, "toUpperCase() executed");
            if(str!=null){
                return str.toUpperCase();
            }
            return null;
        }
        
        @Override
        public int plus(int a, int b) throws RemoteException {
            Log.d(TAG, "plus() executed");
            return a+b;
        }
    };

}

package com.alipay.servicetest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

    public static final String TAG = "MainActivity";  
    
    private Button startService;
    private Button stopService;
    private Button bindService;
    private Button unbindService;
    private MyAIDLService myAIDLService;
    
    //创建了一个ServiceConnection的匿名类，重写onServiceDisconnected和onServiceConnected方法
    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        
        //onServiceDisconnected()会在Activity和Service解除关联的时候调用
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        }
        
        //onServiceConnected()会在Activity和Service建立关联的时候调用
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onServiceConnected() executed");
            // 通过MyAIDLService.Stub.asInterface()方法将传入的IBinder对象传换成MyAIDLService对象
            // 有了MyAIDLService的实例，Activity和Service之间的关系就变得非常紧密，可以在Activity中
            // 根据具体的场景来调用MyAIDLService中的任何方法，即实现了Acticity指挥Service干什么Service
            // 就去干什么的功能
            myAIDLService = MyAIDLService.Stub.asInterface(service);
            //调用在MyAIDLService.aidl文件中定义的所有接口
            try {
                int result = myAIDLService.plus(3, 5);
                String upperStr = myAIDLService.toUpperCase("quyang");
                Log.d(TAG, "result is " + result);
                Log.d(TAG, "upperStr is " + upperStr);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    };
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        startService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_service);
        stopService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
        bindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_service);
        unbindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.unbind_service);
        startService.setOnClickListener(this);
        stopService.setOnClickListener(this);
        bindService.setOnClickListener(this);
        unbindService.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.start_service:
                Intent startIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                //onCreate()方法只会在Service第一次被创建的时候调用，如果当前
                //Service已经被创建过了，不管怎样调用startService()方法，onCreate()
                //方法都不会再执行。因此你可以再多点击几次start service按钮试一次，
                //每次都只会有onStartCommand()方法中的打印日志。
                startService(startIntent);
                break;
            case R.id.stop_service:
                Intent stopIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                stopService(stopIntent);
                break;
            case R.id.bind_service:
                Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
                // Activity和Service的关联是在BindService按钮的点击事件里完成的，通过调用bindService()方法
                //将Activity和Service进行绑定，三个入参，BIND_AUTO_CREATE表示在Activity和Service建立关联
                //后自动创建Service，这会使得MyService中的onCreate()方法得到执行，但onStartCommand()方法不会执行。
                bindService(bindIntent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
                break;
            case R.id.unbind_service:
                //解除Activity和Service之间的关联
                unbindService(connection);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

}

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/start_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="start service" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/stop_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="stop service" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bind_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bind service" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/unbind_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="unbind service" />

</LinearLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.alipay.servicetest"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="21" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <service
            android:name="com.alipay.servicetest.MyService"
            android:process=":remote" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.alipay.servicetest.MyAIDLService" />
            </intent-filter>
        </service>
    </application>

</manifest>

package com.alipay.aidlclient;

import com.alipay.servicetest.MyAIDLService;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;

public class AidlClientActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

    public static final String TAG = "AidlClientActivity";

    private Button             bindService;
    private MyAIDLService      myAIDLService;

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onServiceConnected() executed");
            myAIDLService = MyAIDLService.Stub.asInterface(service);
            //调用在MyAIDLService.aidl文件中定义的所有接口
            try {
                int result = myAIDLService.plus(30, 50);
                String upperStr = myAIDLService.toUpperCase("yangbeibei");
                Log.d(TAG, "result is " + result);
                Log.d(TAG, "upperStr is " + upperStr);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    };
    
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        bindService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.bind_service);
        bindService.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        //有些时候我们使用Service的时需要采用隐式意图启动的方式，但是Android 5.0
        //一出来后，其中有个特性就是Service Intent  must be explicit，也就是说
        //从Lollipop开始，service服务必须采用显式意图方式启动.
        //指定启动的是哪个package应用中的action指向的服务组件
        intent.setAction("com.alipay.servicetest.MyAIDLService");
        intent.setPackage("com.alipay.servicetest");
        bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }
}

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bind_service"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bind service" />

</LinearLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.alipay.aidlclient"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="21" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".AidlClientActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

运行demo程序，观察LogCat中打印的日志可以看到已实现进程间的通信

在此介绍两篇关于Android Service的博客，概念清晰明了，本文的demo也是基于此实现并运行的，相信读者看过后关于Service的一切肯定能明白，记录是为以后回顾

http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/11952435 http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/9797169