C++ Json和结构体或类的转换

Json序列化和结构体转换

使用nlohmann/json来实现, 该库内部提供了一些宏来实现了json和结构体的转换。

安装下载

git clone https://github.com/nlohmann/json.git
mdkir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
make install

或者直接将仓库下的include的下nlohman目录拷贝到工程中.

引入工程

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.0)
project(SerializeJson VERSION 0.1.0)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)

find_package(nlohmann_json 3.2.0 REQUIRED)

add_executable(SerializeJson main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json)

set(CPACK_PROJECT_NAME ${PROJECT_NAME})
set(CPACK_PROJECT_VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})

在cpp中使用

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>

enum class Gender
{
    THIRD = 0,
    MAN,
    WOMAN
};

class Person
{
public:
    std::string name;
    int age = 18;
    Gender gender = Gender::MAN;
};

class ClassRanking
{
public:
    std::vector<int> rank; // 年纪排名, 班级排名
    std::map<std::string, double> courseGrade; // 科目和成绩
    Person student;
};

NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(Person, name, age, gender);
NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_NON_INTRUSIVE(ClassRanking, rank, courseGrade, student);
NLOHMANN_JSON_SERIALIZE_ENUM(Gender, {{Gender::THIRD, "THIRD"}, 
                                      {Gender::MAN, "MAN"}, {Gender::WOMAN, "WOMAN"}, });


// intrusive
class PersonIntrusive
{
public:
    std::string name;
    int age = 18;
    Gender gender = Gender::MAN;

    NLOHMANN_DEFINE_TYPE_INTRUSIVE(PersonIntrusive, name, age, gender);
};


int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
    // serialize
    Person person = {"Jeke", 20, Gender::MAN};
    nlohmann::json j = person;
    std::cout << j.dump() << std::endl;
    
    // unserialize
    std::string buf = "{\"age\":20,\"name\":\"Jeke\", \"gender\":\"MAN\"}";
    nlohmann::json k = nlohmann::json::parse(buf);
    Person fromJson = k;
    std::cout << "name: " << fromJson.name << ", age: " << fromJson.age << ", gender: "
              << int(fromJson.gender) << std::endl;

    ClassRanking rank;
    rank.rank = {10, 2};
    rank.courseGrade = {{"Chinese", 105.5}, {"English", 115.0}, {"Math", 98}};
    rank.student = person;
    nlohmann::json rankJ = rank;
    // std::cout << "rank: " << rankJ.dump(2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "rank: " << rankJ.dump() << std::endl;

    std::string bufRank = "{\"rank\":[10,2],\"courseGrade\":{\"Chinese\":105.5,\"English\":115.0,\"Math\":98.0},"
                            "\"student\":{\"age\":20,\"name\":\"Jeke\", \"gender\":\"MAN\"}}";
    nlohmann::json rankK = nlohmann::json::parse(bufRank);
    ClassRanking fromJsonRank = rankK;
    std::cout << "course: [" << fromJsonRank.rank.at(0) << "," << fromJsonRank.rank.at(1) << "]" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "courseGrade: ";
    for (auto items : fromJsonRank.courseGrade) {
        std::cout << items.first << ": " << items.second;
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::cout << "name: " << fromJsonRank.student.name << ", age: "
              << fromJsonRank.student.age << ", gender: " << int(fromJsonRank.student.gender) << std::endl;

    return 0;
}