本文的全部内容源自：https://github.com/youngyangyang04/leetcode-master
这里展示所有二叉树相关算法均为Java递归算法：
关于递归的写法，需要遵循以下三个步骤：
（1）递归函数的参数以及返回值 (如果需要搜索整颗二叉树，那么递归函数就不要返回值，如果要搜索其中一条符合条件的路径，递归函数就需要返回值，因为遇到符合条件的路径了就要及时返回。)
（2）确定递归终止条件 (就是当到达叶子节点或者空节点时应该做什么操作)
（3）确定单层递归逻辑 (首先要确定是先序、中序还是后序遍历。这里一定要注意的是单层递归逻辑，单层的意思就是只考虑当前的节点要做什么，或者他的左子节点和右子节点的逻辑，绝不能往下再考虑)
- 二叉树的递归遍历
以前序遍历为例
void traversal(TreeNode root, ArrayList<Integer> list)
{
if(root == null)
return ;
list.add(root.val);
traversal(root.left, list);
traversal(root.right, list);
}
- 翻转二叉树
void invertTree(TreeNode root)
{
if(root == null)
return ;
swap(root.left, root.right);
invertTree(root.left);
invertTree(root.right);
}
- 对称二叉树
bool compare(TreeNode left, TreeNode right)
{
if(left == null && right == null) return true;
else if(left == null && right != null) return false;
else if(left != null && right == null) return false;
else if(left.val == right.val) return true;
bool outside = compare(left.left, right.right);
bool inside = compare(left.right, right.left);
return outside && inside;
}
- 二叉树的最大深度
int getdepth(TreeNode root)
{
if(root == null)
return 0;
int left = getdepth(root.left);
int right = getdepth(root.right);
int depth = 1 + max(left, right);
return depth;
}
- 二叉树的最小深度（根节点到叶子节点的最小距离）
int getdepth(TreeNode root)
{
if(root == null)
return 0;
int left = getdepth(root.left);
int right = getdepth(root.right);
if(root.left == null && root.right != null)
return 1 + right;
if(root.left != null && root.left == null)
return 1 + left;
return min(left, right) + 1;
}
- 完全二叉树的节点个数
int count(TreeNode root)
{
if(root == null)
return 0;
int left = count(root.left);
int right = count(root.right);
return left + right;
}
- 平衡二叉树
bool isBalance(TreeNode root)
{
if(root == null)
return 0;
int left = isBalance(root.left);
if(left == -1) return -1;
int right = isBalance(root.right);
if(right == -1) return -1;
if(abs(left - right) > 1)
return -1;
else
return 1 + max(left, right);
}
- 二叉树的所有路径
class Solution {
/**
* 递归法
*/
public List<String> binaryTreePaths(TreeNode root) {
List<String> res = new ArrayList<>();
if (root == null) {
return res;
}
List<Integer> paths = new ArrayList<>();
traversal(root, paths, res);
return res;
}
private void traversal(TreeNode root, List<Integer> paths, List<String> res) {
paths.add(root.val);
// 叶子结点
if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
// 输出
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < paths.size() - 1; i++) {
sb.append(paths.get(i)).append("->");
}
sb.append(paths.get(paths.size() - 1));
res.add(sb.toString());
return;
}
if (root.left != null) {
traversal(root.left, paths, res);
paths.remove(paths.size() - 1);// 回溯
}
if (root.right != null) {
traversal(root.right, paths, res);
paths.remove(paths.size() - 1);// 回溯
}
}
}
- 左叶子之和
class Solution {
public int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) return 0;
int leftValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root.left); // 左
int rightValue = sumOfLeftLeaves(root.right); // 右
int midValue = 0;
if (root.left != null && root.left.left == null && root.left.right == null) { // 中
midValue = root.left.val;
}
int sum = midValue + leftValue + rightValue;
return sum;
}
}
- 路径总和（判断该树中是否存在根节点到叶子节点的路径，这条路径上所有节点值相加等于目标和）
class Solution {
public boolean hasPathSum(TreeNode root, int targetSum) {
if (root == null) {
return false;
}
targetSum -= root.val;
// 叶子结点
if (root.left == null && root.right == null) {
return targetSum == 0;
}
if (root.left != null) {
boolean left = hasPathSum(root.left, targetSum);
if (left) {// 已经找到
return true;
}
}
if (root.right != null) {
boolean right = hasPathSum(root.right, targetSum);
if (right) {// 已经找到
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
// LC112 简洁方法
class Solution {
public boolean hasPathSum(TreeNode root, int targetSum) {
if (root == null) return false; // 为空退出
// 叶子节点判断是否符合
if (root.left == null && root.right == null) return root.val == targetSum;
// 求两侧分支的路径和
return hasPathSum(root.left, targetSum - root.val) || hasPathSum(root.right, targetSum - root.val);
}
}
- 从中序与后序遍历序列构造二叉树
class Solution {
public TreeNode buildTree(int[] inorder, int[] postorder) {
return buildTree1(inorder, 0, inorder.length, postorder, 0, postorder.length);
}
public TreeNode buildTree1(int[] inorder, int inLeft, int inRight,
int[] postorder, int postLeft, int postRight) {
// 没有元素了
if (inRight - inLeft < 1) {
return null;
}
// 只有一个元素了
if (inRight - inLeft == 1) {
return new TreeNode(inorder[inLeft]);
}
// 后序数组postorder里最后一个即为根结点
int rootVal = postorder[postRight - 1];
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(rootVal);
int rootIndex = 0;
// 根据根结点的值找到该值在中序数组inorder里的位置
for (int i = inLeft; i < inRight; i++) {
if (inorder[i] == rootVal) {
rootIndex = i;
}
}
// 根据rootIndex划分左右子树
root.left = buildTree1(inorder, inLeft, rootIndex,
postorder, postLeft, postLeft + (rootIndex - inLeft));
root.right = buildTree1(inorder, rootIndex + 1, inRight,
postorder, postLeft + (rootIndex - inLeft), postRight - 1);
return root;
}
}
- 从前序与中序遍历序列构造二叉树（虽然整体代码与从中序和后序构造二叉树相同，但是注意递归终止条件那里有所不同）
class Solution {
public TreeNode buildTree(int[] preorder, int[] inorder) {
return helper(preorder, 0, preorder.length - 1, inorder, 0, inorder.length - 1);
}
public TreeNode helper(int[] preorder, int preLeft, int preRight,
int[] inorder, int inLeft, int inRight) {
// 递归终止条件
if (inLeft > inRight || preLeft > preRight) return null;
// val 为前序遍历第一个的值，也即是根节点的值
// idx 为根据根节点的值来找中序遍历的下标
int idx = inLeft, val = preorder[preLeft];
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(val);
for (int i = inLeft; i <= inRight; i++) {
if (inorder[i] == val) {
idx = i;
break;
}
}
// 根据 idx 来递归找左右子树
root.left = helper(preorder, preLeft + 1, preLeft + (idx - inLeft),
inorder, inLeft, idx - 1);
root.right = helper(preorder, preLeft + (idx - inLeft) + 1, preRight,
inorder, idx + 1, inRight);
return root;
}
}
- 合并二叉树（给定两个二叉树，想象当你将它们中的一个覆盖到另一个上时，两个二叉树的一些节点便会重叠，对应重叠部分数值相加，否则不为null的节点作为新节点）
class Solution {
// 递归
public TreeNode mergeTrees(TreeNode root1, TreeNode root2) {
if (root1 == null) return root2;
if (root2 == null) return root1;
TreeNode newRoot = new TreeNode(root1.val + root2.val);
newRoot.left = mergeTrees(root1.left,root2.left);
newRoot.right = mergeTrees(root1.right,root2.right);
return newRoot;
}
}
- 二叉搜索树中的搜索（给定二叉搜索树（BST）的根节点和一个值。 找到节点值等于给定值的节点， 返回以该节点为根的子树。 节点不存在返回 NULL。）
class Solution {
// 递归，普通二叉树
public TreeNode searchBST(TreeNode root, int val) {
if (root == null || root.val == val) {
return root;
}
TreeNode left = searchBST(root.left, val);
if (left != null) {
return left;
}
return searchBST(root.right, val);
}
}
class Solution {
// 递归，利用二叉搜索树特点，优化
public TreeNode searchBST(TreeNode root, int val) {
if (root == null || root.val == val) {
return root;
}
if (val < root.val) {
return searchBST(root.left, val);
} else {
return searchBST(root.right, val);
}
}
}
class Solution {
// 迭代，利用二叉搜索树特点，优化，可以不需要栈
public TreeNode searchBST(TreeNode root, int val) {
while (root != null)
if (val < root.val) root = root.left;
else if (val > root.val) root = root.right;
else return root;
return root;
}
}
- 验证二叉搜索树
class Solution {
// 递归
TreeNode max;
public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return true;
}
// 左
boolean left = isValidBST(root.left);
if (!left) {
return false;
}
// 中
if (max != null && root.val <= max.val) {
return false;
}
max = root;
// 右
boolean right = isValidBST(root.right);
return right;
}
}
// 简洁实现·递归解法
class Solution {
public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
return validBST(Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, root);
}
boolean validBST(long lower, long upper, TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) return true;
if (root.val <= lower || root.val >= upper) return false;
return validBST(lower, root.val, root.left) && validBST(root.val, upper, root.right);
}
}
// 简洁实现·中序遍历
class Solution {
private long prev = Long.MIN_VALUE;
public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return true;
}
if (!isValidBST(root.left)) {
return false;
}
if (root.val <= prev) { // 不满足二叉搜索树条件
return false;
}
prev = root.val;
return isValidBST(root.right);
}
}
- 二叉搜索树的最小绝对差
class Solution {
TreeNode pre;// 记录上一个遍历的结点
int result = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
public int getMinimumDifference(TreeNode root) {
if(root==null)return 0;
traversal(root);
return result;
}
public void traversal(TreeNode root){
if(root==null)return;
//左
traversal(root.left);
//中
if(pre!=null){
result = Math.min(result,root.val-pre.val);
}
pre = root;
//右
traversal(root.right);
}
}
- 二叉搜索树中的众数
class Solution {
ArrayList<Integer> resList;
int maxCount;
int count;
TreeNode pre;
public int[] findMode(TreeNode root) {
resList = new ArrayList<>();
maxCount = 0;
count = 0;
pre = null;
findMode1(root);
int[] res = new int[resList.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < resList.size(); i++) {
res[i] = resList.get(i);
}
return res;
}
public void findMode1(TreeNode root) {
if (root == null) {
return;
}
findMode1(root.left);
int rootValue = root.val;
// 计数
if (pre == null || rootValue != pre.val) {
count = 1;
} else {
count++;
}
// 更新结果以及maxCount
if (count > maxCount) {
resList.clear();
resList.add(rootValue);
maxCount = count;
} else if (count == maxCount) {
resList.add(rootValue);
}
pre = root;
findMode1(root.right);
}
}
- 二叉树的最近公共祖先
class Solution {
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
return lowestCommonAncestor1(root, p, q);
}
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor1(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
if (root == null || root == p || root == q) {
return root;
}
TreeNode left = lowestCommonAncestor1(root.left, p, q);
TreeNode right = lowestCommonAncestor1(root.right, p, q);
if (left != null && right != null) {// 左右子树分别找到了，说明此时的root就是要求的结果
return root;
}
if (left == null) {
return right;
}
return left;
}
}
- 二叉搜索树的最近公共祖先
class Solution {
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
return lowestCommonAncestor1(root, p, q);
}
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor1(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
if (root == null || root == p || root == q) {
return root;
}
TreeNode left = lowestCommonAncestor1(root.left, p, q);
TreeNode right = lowestCommonAncestor1(root.right, p, q);
if (left != null && right != null) {// 左右子树分别找到了，说明此时的root就是要求的结果
return root;
}
if (left == null) {
return right;
}
return left;
}
}
// 代码精简版
class Solution {
TreeNode pre;
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
if (root == null || root.val == p.val ||root.val == q.val) return root;
TreeNode left = lowestCommonAncestor(root.left,p,q);
TreeNode right = lowestCommonAncestor(root.right,p,q);
if (left != null && right != null) return root;
else if (left == null && right != null) return right;
else if (left != null && right == null) return left;
else return null;
}
}
- 二叉搜索树最近公共祖先
class Solution {
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
if(root.val > p.val && root.val > q.val)
return lowestCommonAncestor(root.left, p, q);
else if(root.val < p.val && root.val < q.val)
return lowestCommonAncestor(root.right, p, q);
else
return root;
}
}
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