Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I
, V
, X
, L
, C
, D
and M
.
Symbol Value I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000
For example, 2
is written as II
in Roman numeral, just two one's added together. 12
is written as XII
, which is simply X + II
. The number 27
is written as XXVII
, which is XX + V + II
.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII
. Instead, the number four is written as IV
. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX
. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
I
can be placed beforeV
(5) andX
(10) to make 4 and 9.X
can be placed beforeL
(50) andC
(100) to make 40 and 90.C
can be placed beforeD
(500) andM
(1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer.
Example 1:
Input: s = "III" Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: s = "IV" Output: 4
Example 3:
Input: s = "IX" Output: 9
Example 4:
Input: s = "LVIII" Output: 58 Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: s = "MCMXCIV" Output: 1994 Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 15
s
contains only the characters('I', 'V', 'X', 'L', 'C', 'D', 'M')
.- It is guaranteed that
s
is a valid roman numeral in the range[1, 3999]
.
class Solution {
static Map<String, Integer> values = new HashMap<>();
static{
values.put("I", 1);
values.put("V", 5);
values.put("X", 10);
values.put("L", 50);
values.put("C", 100);
values.put("D", 500);
values.put("M", 1000);
values.put("IV", 4);
values.put("IX", 9);
values.put("XL", 40);
values.put("XC", 90);
values.put("CD", 400);
values.put("CM", 900);
}
public int romanToInt(String s) {
int sum = 0;
int i = 0;
while (i < s.length()) {
if (i < s.length() - 1) {
String doubleSymbol = s.substring(i, i+2);
if (values.containsKey(doubleSymbol)) {
sum += values.get(doubleSymbol);
i += 2;
continue;
}
}
String singleSymbol = s.substring(i, i+1);
sum += values.get(singleSymbol);
i += 1;
}
return sum;
}
}