在SAP中如何创建全局类

一 事物代码 SE24

二 步骤

2.1 Create class

2.1.1.ZCL_CLASS_MATL

2.1.2 save button

实例化类型
public:该类可以在任何地方进行初始化
Protected:只能在自身和或类的子类中进行初始化
Private: 只能自身的类中进行初始化
Abstract: 不可以创建实例。

2.1.3 Create local object ( learning not production)

2.2 Creat attributes

In the fact attributes is the place of variable definition

2.2.1 Choose attributes

level
instance attribute : 相当于用data申明的变量
static attribute : 这个属性所有的对象实例都是共享的，这个静态属性由类的所有对象共有，（对象访问使用-> ,通过类名访问=>）.
constant : （常量的属性）
visibility
public :公共可见
protected: （本身，子类，友元类）
PRIVATE (本身，友元类)
Read-only: 该属性不可以在类外被直接修改。
typing
like: 已经实例化的数据对象
type:没有实例化的类型
type ref to :后面跟类
Type boxed :结构嵌套的定义（数据值相同时，可以记录一条数据）

2.2.2（自定义类型如下）

2.2.3 代码定义三部 （结构体，内表，工作区）

2.2.4 四部区（结构休，表类型，内表， 工作区）

It is advice that four step is ok .

以下定义出来就这样。

我加了一个mv_name

2.3 Creat method

2.3.1 方法 建立

level : instance method :实例方法必须通过类的实例来使用
static Method :只能操作静态对象.

2.3.2 add parameter

IMORTING: 输入值
EXPORTING: 输出值
CHNAGING: 输出值
Returning: 输出一个参数
PASS VALUE: ：是值传，还是传引用。

2.3.3 enter code

2.3.4 enter test_parameter

Now Please active it .

2.3.5 test code

REPORT zjgltest01.
DATA :go_class_matll TYPE REF TO zcl_class_matl.
DATA : gv_i_name TYPE char30 VALUE 'importing into class'.
DATA : gv_e_name TYPE char30 VALUE 'exporting from class'.
DATA : gv_c_name TYPE char30 VALUE 'changing in class'.
DATA : gv_r_name TYPE char30 VALUE 'returning from class'.
CREATE OBJECT go_class_matll.
CALL METHOD go_class_matll->test_parameter
  EXPORTING
    iv_name = gv_i_name " method imporing parameter
  IMPORTING
    ev_name = gv_e_name
  CHANGING
    cv_name = gv_c_name
  RECEIVING
    rv_name = gv_r_name.

WRITE:/ 'gv_i_name',gv_i_name.
WRITE:/ 'gv_e_name',gv_e_name.
WRITE:/ 'gv_c_name',gv_c_name.
WRITE:/ 'gv_r_name',gv_r_name.

The result

2.4 event

2.4.1 Create event

2.4.2 create method

2.4.3 SET METHOD and enter code and create new method and new parameter.

2.4.3 enter code

 METHOD check_material.

    SELECT  matnr
        mtart
      FROM mara
      INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE et_material
      WHERE matnr eq IV_MATERIAL_ID.

    IF sy-subrc NE 0.
      RAISE EVENT material_not_found.
    ENDIF.

  ENDMETHOD.

2.4.3 DEMO

REPORT zjgltest01.
DATA : gv_matnr TYPE mara-matnr.
DATA : gt_mara TYPE TABLE OF mara .
DATA : gs_mara TYPE mara.
DATA : go_inventory TYPE REF TO zcl_inventory.
CREATE OBJECT go_inventory.

PARAMETERS : p_mtart TYPE mara-matnr.

"Register event handler method
SET HANDLER go_inventory->handle_material_not_found FOR go_inventory.

START-OF-SELECTION.

  CALL METHOD go_inventory->check_material
    EXPORTING
      iv_material_id = p_mtart
    IMPORTING
      et_material    = gt_mara.

  LOOP AT gt_mara INTO gs_mara.
    WRITE :/ gs_mara-matnr, gs_mara-mtart.
  ENDLOOP.

2.5. Class constructor

2.5.1 Create calss

2.5.2 ADD attributes

demo

REPORT zjgltest01.
START-OF-SELECTION.

  DATA go_constructor TYPE REF TO zcl_constructor.
  CREATE OBJECT go_constructor
    EXPORTING
      iv_value = 'CONSTRUCTOR'.

  WRITE:/ 'CONSTRUCTOR TEST. '.

2.6. Class exception.

Demo

REPORT zjgltest01.
PARAMETERS : p_ivalue TYPE i.
DATA: lo_cx_root TYPE REF TO cx_root.
DATA: go_exception TYPE REF TO zcl_exception.

CREATE OBJECT go_exception.

*--------------------------------------------------------------
* Try and Catch method Exception
*--------------------------------------------------------------
TRY.
    CALL METHOD go_exception->test_exception
      CHANGING
        cv_value = p_ivalue.
  CATCH cx_root INTO lo_cx_root.
    MESSAGE  lo_cx_root->get_text( ) TYPE 'I'.
ENDTRY.

*--------------------------------------------------------------
* Call method and return Exception
*--------------------------------------------------------------
CALL METHOD go_exception->raise_exception
  CHANGING
    cv_value             = p_ivalue
  EXCEPTIONS
    action_not_supported = 1
    cancelled            = 2
    failed               = 3
    OTHERS               = 4. "GET_RESULT_FAILED

IF sy-subrc EQ 1.
  MESSAGE 'action_not_supported' TYPE 'I'.
ELSEIF sy-subrc EQ 2.
  MESSAGE 'cancelled' TYPE 'I'.
ELSEIF sy-subrc EQ 3.
  MESSAGE 'failed' TYPE 'I'.
ELSEIF sy-subrc EQ 4.
  MESSAGE 'GET_RESULT_FAILED' TYPE 'I'.
ENDIF.

2.7 Friends Class

Friends class is not each other . it is single sided.

2.8 how to call class

The passage introduces that how to call class.

PROCEDURE
1.Define class with REF TO
2. CREATE OBJECT OR GO_MASTER = NEW ZCL_MASTER().
3. CALL METHOD (->)

REPORT zjgltest01.
DATA : GO_MASTER  TYPE REF TO ZCL_MASTER.
DATA : GO_MASTER_NEW TYPE REF TO ZCL_MASTER.

CREATE OBJECT GO_MASTER.
GO_MASTER->DISPLAY_PUBLIC( ).

When in zcl_master we enter calling class code. With ref to class . you don’t call it directly with private and protected.

REPORT zjgltest01.
"定义调用类，定义类静态方法
CLASS zcl_main_report DEFINITION.
  PUBLIC SECTION.
    CLASS-METHODS: run.
ENDCLASS.

"实现调用类方法，定义类静态方法
CLASS zcl_main_report IMPLEMENTATION.
  METHOD run.
    "创建对象 调用对象的方法
    NEW zcl_master( )->display_public( ).
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

"定义程序可执行块调用对象的静态方法

START-OF-SELECTION.
  zcl_main_report=>run( ).

2.9 Free class

Free memory (Clear and free).

When I create class. it takes up memory. and when you don’t use it .you will free it as internal table.

Demo.

REPORT zjgltest01.
DATA:
  go_obj TYPE REF TO cl_material_details_list.
"打印程序初始内存使用量
cl_abap_memory_utilities=>get_total_used_size( IMPORTING size = DATA(lv_init_size) ).
WRITE: / |内存初始用量: { lv_init_size } { 'Bytes' }| COLOR COL_POSITIVE.

DO 1000 TIMES.
  CREATE OBJECT go_obj.
  FREE go_obj.
ENDDO.

cl_abap_memory_utilities=>get_total_used_size( IMPORTING size = DATA(lv_before_size) ).
WRITE: / |创建并FREE类变量后内存用量: { lv_before_size } { 'Bytes' }| COLOR COL_GROUP.

cl_abap_memory_utilities=>do_garbage_collection( ).

cl_abap_memory_utilities=>get_total_used_size( IMPORTING size = DATA(lv_after_size) ).
WRITE: / |使用垃圾回收后内存用量: { lv_after_size } { 'Bytes' }| COLOR COL_TOTAL.

三 Summary

Class is not difficult. Perhaps we use method and attributes frequently.