MD5加密算法-C语言

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本文介绍了MD5算法，它是计算机安全领域广泛使用的散列函数，用于提供消息完整性保护，确保信息传输完整一致。其前身有MD2、MD3和MD4，具有压缩性、易计算、抗修改性和强抗碰撞等特点，还提及了其他类似算法。

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Message Digest Algorithm MD5(中文名为消息摘要算法第五版)为计算机安全领域广泛使用的一种散列函数，用以提供消息的完整性保护。该算法的文件号为RFC 1321(R.Rivest,MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and RSA Data Security Inc. April 1992)。

MD5即Message-Digest Algorithm 5(信息-摘要算法5)，用于确保信息传输完整一致。是计算机广泛使用的杂凑算法之一(又译摘要算法、哈希算法)，主流编程语言普遍已有MD5实现。将数据(如汉字)运算为另一固定长度值，是杂凑算法的基础原理，MD5的前身有MD2、MD3和MD4。

MD5算法具有以下特点:

1、压缩性:任意长度的数据，算出的MD5值长度都是固定的。

2、容易计算:从原数据计算出MD5值很容易。

3、抗修改性:对原数据进行任何改动，哪怕只修改1个字节，所得到的MD5值都有很大区别。

4、强抗碰撞:已知原数据和其MD5值，想找到一个具有相同MD5值的数据(即伪造数据)是非常困难的。

MD5的作用是让大容量信息在用数字签名软件签署私人密钥前被"压缩"成一种保密的格式(就是把一个任意长度的字节串变换成一定长的十六进制数字串)。除了MD5以外，其中比较有名的还有sha-1、RIPEMD以及Haval等。

/*****************************************************************************
FileName : md5.c
Function : MD5加密算法
Author   : mike
Email    : hxtiou@163.com	
Version  : V1.0
Date     : 2019-07-12
*****************************************************************************/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "md5.h"

unsigned char PADDING[]={	0x80,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  
							0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  
							0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  
							0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};  
  
void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *context)  
{  
    context->count[0] = 0;  
    context->count[1] = 0;  
    context->state[0] = 0x67452301;  
    context->state[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;  
    context->state[2] = 0x98BADCFE;  
    context->state[3] = 0x10325476;  
}  
void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char *input,unsigned int inputlen)  
{  
    unsigned int i = 0,index = 0,partlen = 0;  
    index = (context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;  
    partlen = 64 - index;  
    context->count[0] += inputlen << 3;  
    if(context->count[0] < (inputlen << 3))  
        context->count[1]++;  
    context->count[1] += inputlen >> 29;  
  
    if(inputlen >= partlen)  
    {  
        memcpy(&context->buffer[index],input,partlen);  
        MD5Transform(context->state,context->buffer);  
        for(i = partlen;i+64 <= inputlen;i+=64)  
            MD5Transform(context->state,&input[i]);  
        index = 0;          
    }    
    else  
    {  
        i = 0;  
    }  
    memcpy(&context->buffer[index],&input[i],inputlen-i);  
}  
void MD5Final(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char digest[16])  
{  
    unsigned int index = 0,padlen = 0;  
    unsigned char bits[8];  
    index = (context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;  
    padlen = (index < 56)?(56-index):(120-index);  
    MD5Encode(bits,context->count,8);  
    MD5Update(context,PADDING,padlen);  
    MD5Update(context,bits,8);  
    MD5Encode(digest,context->state,16);  
}  
void MD5Encode(unsigned char *output,unsigned int *input,unsigned int len)  
{  
    unsigned int i = 0,j = 0;  
    while(j < len)  
    {  
        output[j] = input[i] & 0xFF;    
        output[j+1] = (input[i] >> 8) & 0xFF;  
        output[j+2] = (input[i] >> 16) & 0xFF;  
        output[j+3] = (input[i] >> 24) & 0xFF;  
        i++;  
        j+=4;  
    }  
}  
void MD5Decode(unsigned int *output,unsigned char *input,unsigned int len)  
{  
    unsigned int i = 0,j = 0;  
    while(j < len)  
    {  
        output[i] = (input[j]) |  
            (input[j+1] << 8) |  
            (input[j+2] << 16) |  
            (input[j+3] << 24);  
        i++;  
        j+=4;   
    }  
}  
void MD5Transform(unsigned int state[4],unsigned char block[64])  
{  
    unsigned int a = state[0];  
    unsigned int b = state[1];  
    unsigned int c = state[2];  
    unsigned int d = state[3];  
    unsigned int x[64];  
    MD5Decode(x,block,64);  

    //Round 1
    FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 0], 7, 0xd76aa478);	//1
    FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 1], 12, 0xe8c7b756);	//2
    FF(c, d, a, b, x[ 2], 17, 0x242070db);	//3
    FF(b, c, d, a, x[ 3], 22, 0xc1bdceee);	//4
    FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 4], 7, 0xf57c0faf);	//5
    FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 5], 12, 0x4787c62a);	//6
    FF(c, d, a, b, x[ 6], 17, 0xa8304613);	//7
    FF(b, c, d, a, x[ 7], 22, 0xfd469501);	//8
    FF(a, b, c, d, x[ 8], 7, 0x698098d8);	//9
    FF(d, a, b, c, x[ 9], 12, 0x8b44f7af);	//10
    FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], 17, 0xffff5bb1);	//11
    FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], 22, 0x895cd7be);	//12
    FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], 7, 0x6b901122); 	//13
    FF(d, a, b, c, x[13], 12, 0xfd987193);	//14
    FF(c, d, a, b, x[14], 17, 0xa679438e);	//15
    FF(b, c, d, a, x[15], 22, 0x49b40821);	//16
  
    //Round 2
    GG(a, b, c, d, x[ 1], 5, 0xf61e2562);	//17
    GG(d, a, b, c, x[ 6], 9, 0xc040b340);	//18
    GG(c, d, a, b, x[11], 14, 0x265e5a51);	//19
    GG(b, c, d, a, x[ 0], 20, 0xe9b6c7aa);	//20
    GG(a, b, c, d, x[ 5], 5, 0xd62f105d);	//21
    GG(d, a, b, c, x[10], 9,  0x2441453);	//22
    GG(c, d, a, b, x[15], 14, 0xd8a1e681);	//23
    GG(b, c, d, a, x[ 4], 20, 0xe7d3fbc8);	//24
    GG(a, b, c, d, x[ 9], 5, 0x21e1cde6);	//25
    GG(d, a, b, c, x[14], 9, 0xc33707d6);	//26
    GG(c, d, a, b, x[ 3], 14, 0xf4d50d87);	//27
    GG(b, c, d, a, x[ 8], 20, 0x455a14ed);	//28
    GG(a, b, c, d, x[13], 5, 0xa9e3e905);	//29
    GG(d, a, b, c, x[ 2], 9, 0xfcefa3f8);	//30
    GG(c, d, a, b, x[ 7], 14, 0x676f02d9);	//31
    GG(b, c, d, a, x[12], 20, 0x8d2a4c8a);	//32
  
    //Round 3
    HH(a, b, c, d, x[ 5], 4, 0xfffa3942);	//33
    HH(d, a, b, c, x[ 8], 11, 0x8771f681);	//34
    HH(c, d, a, b, x[11], 16, 0x6d9d6122);	//35
    HH(b, c, d, a, x[14], 23, 0xfde5380c);	//36 
    HH(a, b, c, d, x[ 1], 4, 0xa4beea44); 	//37
    HH(d, a, b, c, x[ 4], 11, 0x4bdecfa9);	//38
    HH(c, d, a, b, x[ 7], 16, 0xf6bb4b60);	//39
    HH(b, c, d, a, x[10], 23, 0xbebfbc70);	//40
    HH(a, b, c, d, x[13], 4, 0x289b7ec6);	//41
    HH(d, a, b, c, x[ 0], 11, 0xeaa127fa);	//42
    HH(c, d, a, b, x[ 3], 16, 0xd4ef3085);	//43
    HH(b, c, d, a, x[ 6], 23,  0x4881d05);	//44
    HH(a, b, c, d, x[ 9], 4, 0xd9d4d039);	//45
    HH(d, a, b, c, x[12], 11, 0xe6db99e5);	//46
    HH(c, d, a, b, x[15], 16, 0x1fa27cf8);	//47
    HH(b, c, d, a, x[ 2], 23, 0xc4ac5665);	//48
  
    //Round 4
    II(a, b, c, d, x[ 0], 6, 0xf4292244);	//49
    II(d, a, b, c, x[ 7], 10, 0x432aff97);	//5
    II(c, d, a, b, x[14], 15, 0xab9423a7);	//51
    II(b, c, d, a, x[ 5], 21, 0xfc93a039);	//52
    II(a, b, c, d, x[12], 6, 0x655b59c3);	//53
    II(d, a, b, c, x[ 3], 10, 0x8f0ccc92);	//54
    II(c, d, a, b, x[10], 15, 0xffeff47d);	//55
    II(b, c, d, a, x[ 1], 21, 0x85845dd1);	//56
    II(a, b, c, d, x[ 8], 6, 0x6fa87e4f);	//57
    II(d, a, b, c, x[15], 10, 0xfe2ce6e0);	//58
    II(c, d, a, b, x[ 6], 15, 0xa3014314);	//59
    II(b, c, d, a, x[13], 21, 0x4e0811a1);	//60
    II(a, b, c, d, x[ 4], 6, 0xf7537e82);	//61
    II(d, a, b, c, x[11], 10, 0xbd3af235);	//62
    II(c, d, a, b, x[ 2], 15, 0x2ad7d2bb);	//63
    II(b, c, d, a, x[ 9], 21, 0xeb86d391);	//64
    state[0] += a;  
    state[1] += b;  
    state[2] += c;  
    state[3] += d;  
}  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[])  //md5函数测试代码文件
{  
	int i = 0;
	//unsigned char encrypt[] ="admin";//21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3
	unsigned char decrypt[16];

	char len = 0;
	//unsigned char encrypt[64] = {0};
	unsigned char *encrypt = NULL;
	unsigned char encrypt_buf =	0;

    MD5_CTX md5;
MD5_START:
    MD5Init(&md5);

	encrypt = malloc(64);

	printf("请输入需加密的明文（长度不大于64)\n");
	len = 0;
	encrypt[len] = (unsigned char)getchar();
	while (encrypt[len] != '\n' && len < 64)  //用getchar()函数接收字符，直到接收到回车符或字符数超过56为止
	{			
		len ++;
		encrypt[len] = (unsigned char)getchar();
		if(encrypt[len] == ' ')
		{
			len --;		
		}
	}

	printf("加密前: %d\n",len);
    for(i = 0;i < len;i ++)  
    {  
        printf("%02X ",encrypt[i] - 0x30);
    }

    //MD5Update(&md5,encrypt,strlen((int *)encrypt));
    MD5Update(&md5,encrypt,len);
    MD5Final(&md5,decrypt);
    //printf("加密前:%s\n加密后:",encrypt);

	printf("加密后:\n");
    for(i=0;i<16;i++)  
    {  
        printf("%02x",decrypt[i]);  
    } 
	printf("\n");  
	
	free(encrypt);
	memset(decrypt,0,sizeof(decrypt));
	goto MD5_START; //重新开始计算


    //getchar();  
  
    return 0;  
}  



#ifndef MD5_H  
#define MD5_H  

typedef struct  
{  
    unsigned int count[2];  
    unsigned int state[4];  
    unsigned char buffer[64];     
}MD5_CTX;  
  
  
#define F(x,y,z) ((x & y) | (~x & z))  
#define G(x,y,z) ((x & z) | (y & ~z))  
#define H(x,y,z) (x^y^z)  
#define I(x,y,z) (y ^ (x | ~z))  
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x,n) ((x << n) | (x >> (32-n)))

#define FF(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) { a += F(b,c,d) + x + ac; a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); a += b;}  
#define GG(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) { a += G(b,c,d) + x + ac; a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); a += b;}  
#define HH(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) { a += H(b,c,d) + x + ac; a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); a += b;}  
#define II(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) { a += I(b,c,d) + x + ac; a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); a += b;}
                                           
void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *context);  
void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char *input,unsigned int inputlen);  
void MD5Final(MD5_CTX *context,unsigned char digest[16]);  
void MD5Transform(unsigned int state[4],unsigned char block[64]);  
void MD5Encode(unsigned char *output,unsigned int *input,unsigned int len);  
void MD5Decode(unsigned int *output,unsigned char *input,unsigned int len);  

#endif