NGINX网关快速部署

NGINX + spawn-fcgi + fastCGI

后台网关快速部署 2022-08-21

作为后台开发， 不仅仅要注重后台业务逻辑与集群部署，对前端的网关组件也要了解原理并且知晓快速部署流程；

原理

使用NGINX作为前端转发组件，其次使用spwan-fcgi加载的可执行文件进行接口层业务处理，然后透传给前端数据， fastCGI作为头文件方便c/c++等开发语言进行快速业务搭建，对于步骤中的参数可根据help命令或配置文件自行调整，如进程数，IP，端口等。

部署步骤

1. Linux版本

cat /proc/version;
Linux version 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 16:44:24 UTC 2018

2. 安装Nginx

a. rpm版安装最方便，可根据rpm包模糊搜索安装包名

sudo yum search nginx;
sudo yum -y install pcp-pmda-nginx;
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf;

b. 也可根据Nginx版本号源码自行编译安装，如果有提示依赖包有缺失可根据错误提示安装相依依赖包即可(示例仅供参考)，如果依赖包找不到路径配置时添加路径即可

wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz;
tar -zxvf nginx-1.22.0.tar.gz;
cd nginx-1.22.0;
sudo yum install pcre openssl openssl-devel;
./configure --with-openssl=/usr/lib64/openssl;
sudo make && sudo make install; 

3. 安装spawn-fcgi，并把可执行文件拷贝到Nginx的可执行文件目录下，稍后启动

wget http://download.lighttpd.net/spawn-fcgi/releases-1.6.x/spawn-fcgi-1.6.4.tar.gz;
tar -zxvf spawn-fcgi-1.6.4.tar.gz;
cd spawn-fcgi-1.6.4;
./configure
sudo cp spawn-fcgi /usr/local/nginx/sbin

4. 安装fastcgi，编译example，如果有报错加上依赖库-lfcgi++ -lpthread

wget https://github.com/FastCGI-Archives/fcgi2/archive/refs/heads/master.zip;
unzip master.zip;
cd fcgi2-master;
./autogen.sh;
./configure;
sudo make && sudo make install;
cd examples;
g++ echo.c -o echo -lfcgi;

/*
 * echo.c --
 *
 *	Produce a page containing all FastCGI inputs
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1996 Open Market, Inc.
 *
 * See the file "LICENSE.TERMS" for information on usage and redistribution
 * of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
 *
 */

#include "fcgi_config.h"

#include <stdlib.h>

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
#include <process.h>
#else
extern char **environ;
#endif

#include "fcgi_stdio.h"


static void PrintEnv(char *label, char **envp)
{
    printf("%s:<br>\n<pre>\n", label);
    for ( ; *envp != NULL; envp++) {
        printf("%s\n", *envp);
    }
    printf("</pre><p>\n");
}

int main ()
{
    char **initialEnv = environ;
    int count = 0;

    while (FCGI_Accept() >= 0) {
        char *contentLength = getenv("CONTENT_LENGTH");
        int len;

	printf("Content-type: text/html\r\n"
	    "\r\n"
	    "<title>FastCGI echo</title>"
	    "<h1>FastCGI echo</h1>\n"
            "Request number %d,  Process ID: %d<p>\n", ++count, getpid());

        if (contentLength != NULL) {
            len = strtol(contentLength, NULL, 10);
        }
        else {
            len = 0;
        }

        if (len <= 0) {
	    printf("I am bianbian.<p>\n");
        }
        else {
            int i, ch;

	    printf("Standard input:<br>\n<pre>\n");
            for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                if ((ch = getchar()) < 0) {
                    printf("Error: Not enough bytes received on standard input<p>\n");
                    break;
		}
                putchar(ch);
            }
            printf("\n</pre><p>\n");
        }

        PrintEnv("Request environment", environ);
        PrintEnv("Initial environment", initialEnv);
    } /* while */

    return 0;
}

5. 启动echo程序

a. 在nginx目录下创建fastcgibin， 在哪里无所谓，只要启动路径即可，并拷贝上面的echo程序到fastcgibin下

cd /usr/local/nginx/;
sudo mkdir fastcgibin;
cd fastcgibin;
sudo cp ~/fcgi2-master/examples/echo ./;
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/spawn-fcgi -a 127.0.0.1 -p 7000 -f ./echo -F 1;

b. 服务已启动，还需要配置nginx_conf，修改location把前端请求参数转发到cgi进程上面进行业务处理，参考注释的location即可

location ~ /ttl/ {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:7000;
        fastcgi_index index.cgi;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
        }  

c. 重启nginx, 浏览器请求服务器

sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload;

d. 请求示例如下，显示了请求次数与进程ID