注解 Annotation

注解的作用:
在不能给类中的属性set值时用到；
例如：
注解单个属性

package com.lingzhuo;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Student {
    public Student() {
        Class<Student> clazz=Student.class;
        try {
            Field field=clazz.getDeclaredField("name");
            StudentAnnotation sa=field.getAnnotation(StudentAnnotation.class);
            if(sa!=null){
                String s=sa.value();
                field.set(this, s);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
    @StudentAnnotation("张三")
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

}

package com.lingzhuo;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)

public @interface StudentAnnotation {
    String value();//只有一个注解时用value
    //int age();

}

package com.lingzhuo;

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student=new Student();

        System.out.println(student.getName());
    }

}

package com.lingzhuo;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
public @interface StudentAnnotation {
    int age();

}

package com.lingzhuo;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Student {
    private String name;
     @StudentAnnotation(age=18)
    private int age;
    public Student(){
        Class clazz=Student.class;
        try {
            Field field=clazz.getDeclaredField("age");
            StudentAnnotation sa=field.getAnnotation(StudentAnnotation.class);
            if(sa!=null){
                int i=sa.age();
                field.setAccessible(true);
                field.set(this, i);
                field.setAccessible(false);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    private String clazz;
    private String sex;

    public String getClazz() {
        return clazz;
    }


    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }


}

package com.lingzhuo;

public class Test3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student zhangsan=new Student();
        System.out.println(zhangsan.getAge());
    }

}

运行得到：

18

同时注解多个属性

package com.lingzhuo.annotation;

public class Teacher {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

package com.lingzhuo.annotation;

public class Teacher {
    private int age;
    private String name;
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

package com.lingzhuo.annotation;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

public class Clazz {
    @TeacherAnnotation(age=18,name="张三")
    //注意 ： 这的属性类型和注解类 的类名相同
    private Teacher mathTeacher;
    @TeacherAnnotation(age=18,name="张三")
    private Teacher javaTeacher;
    @TeacherAnnotation(age=18,name="张三")
    private Teacher cTeacher;

    public Teacher getMathTeacher() {
        return mathTeacher;
    }


    public Teacher getJavaTeacher() {
        return javaTeacher;
    }


    public Teacher getcTeacher() {
        return cTeacher;
    }


    public Clazz(){
        Class<Clazz> clazz = Clazz.class;
        /*
         * 得到clazz对象的所有属性并且把它放在Field类型的数组中 Field 提供有关类或接口的单个字段的信息，以及对它的动态访问权限
         * Array 允许在执行 get 或 set 访问操作期间进行扩展转换，但如果将发生收缩转换，则抛出一个
         * IllegalArgumentException。
         */
        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {// 遍历数组
            /*
             * 如果存在该元素的指定类型的注释，则返回这些注释，否则返回 null。
             */
            TeacherAnnotation ta = field.getAnnotation(TeacherAnnotation.class);
            if (ta == null) {
                continue;
            } else {
                int age = ta.age();// 得到注解的age的值如果没有则写默认值
                String name = ta.name();// 得到注解的name的值
                Teacher teacher = new Teacher();// 创建一个被注解的类的对象
                teacher.setAge(age); // 根据注解的值设置新的对象
                teacher.setName(name);
                try {
                    field.setAccessible(true);// 设置为不检查属性的访问修饰符
                    field.set(this, teacher);// 将teacher赋值给clazz对象？？？this
                    field.setAccessible(false);// 设置检查属性的访问修饰符
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }
    }

}

package com.lingzhuo.annotation;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Clazz clazz=new Clazz();
        System.out.println(clazz.getJavaTeacher().getName()+"   " +clazz.getJavaTeacher().getAge());
    }

}

运行得到：

张三   18