windows的VARIANT本质是含有类型信息的union。其结构如下:
typedef struct tagVARIANT VARIANT;
struct tagVARIANT
{
union
{
struct __tagVARIANT
{
VARTYPE vt; // typedef unsigned short VARTYPE
WORD wReserved1;
WORD wReserved2;
WORD wReserved3;
union
{
LONGLONG llval; // VT_I8.
LONG lVal; // VT_I4.
BYTE bVal; // VT_UI1.
SHORT iVal; // VT_I2.
FLOAT fltVal; // VT_R4.
DOUBLE dblVal; // VT_R8.
VARIANT_BOOL boolVal; // VT_BOOL.
_VARIANT_BOOL bool;
SCODE scode; // VT_ERROR.
CY cyVal; // VT_CY.
DATE date; // VT_DATE.
BSTR bstrVal; // VT_BSTR.
IUnknown * punkVal; // VT_UNKNOWN.
IDispatch * pdispVal; // VT_DISPATCH.
SAFEARRAY * parray; // VT_ARRAY|*.
BYTE * pbVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UI1.
SHORT * piVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_I2.
LONG * plVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_I4.
LONGLONG * pllVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_I8.
FLOAT * pfltVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_R4.
DOUBLE * pdblVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_R8.
VARIANT_BOOL * pboolVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_BOOL.
_VARIANT_BOOL * pbool;
SCODE * pscode; // VT_BYREF|VT_ERROR.
CY * pcyVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_CY.
DATE * pdate; // VT_BYREF|VT_DATE.
BSTR * pbstrVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_BSTR.
IUnknown ** ppunkVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UNKNOWN.
IDispatch ** ppdispVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_DISPATCH.
SAFEARRAY ** pparray; // VT_BYREF|VT_ARRAY.
VARIANT * pvarVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_VARIANT.
PVOID * byref; // Generic ByRef.
CHAR cVal; // VT_I1.
USHORT uiVal; // VT_UI2.
ULONG ulVal; // VT_UI4.
ULONGLONG ullVal; // VT_UI8.
INT intVal; // VT_INT.
UINT uintVal; // VT_UINT.
DECIMAL * pdecVal // VT_BYREF|VT_DECIMAL.
CHAR * pcVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_I1.
USHORT * puiVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UI2.
ULONG * pulVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UI4.
ULONGLONG * pullVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UI8.
INT * pintVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_INT.
UINT * puintVal; // VT_BYREF|VT_UINT.
struct __tagBRECORD
{
PVOID pvRecord;
IRecordInfo *pRecInfo;
} __VARIANT_NAME_4;
} __VARIANT_NAME_3;
} __VARIANT_NAME_2;
DECIMAL decVal;
} __VARIANT_NAME_1;
};
enum VARENUM
{
VT_EMPTY = 0,
VT_NULL = 1,
VT_I2 = 2,
VT_I4 = 3,
VT_R4 = 4,
VT_R8 = 5,
VT_CY = 6,
VT_DATE = 7,
VT_BSTR = 8,
VT_DISPATCH = 9,
VT_ERROR = 10,
VT_BOOL = 11,
VT_VARIANT = 12,
VT_UNKNOWN = 13,
VT_DECIMAL = 14,
VT_I1 = 16,
VT_UI1 = 17,
VT_UI2 = 18,
VT_UI4 = 19,
VT_I8 = 20,
VT_UI8 = 21,
VT_INT = 22,
VT_UINT = 23,
VT_VOID = 24,
VT_HRESULT = 25,
VT_PTR = 26,
VT_SAFEARRAY = 27,
VT_CARRAY = 28,
VT_USERDEFINED = 29,
VT_LPSTR = 30,
VT_LPWSTR = 31,
VT_RECORD = 36,
VT_INT_PTR = 37,
VT_UINT_PTR = 38,
VT_FILETIME = 64,
VT_BLOB = 65,
VT_STREAM = 66,
VT_STORAGE = 67,
VT_STREAMED_OBJECT = 68,
VT_STORED_OBJECT = 69,
VT_BLOB_OBJECT = 70,
VT_CF = 71,
VT_CLSID = 72,
VT_VERSIONED_STREAM = 73,
VT_BSTR_BLOB = 0xfff,
VT_VECTOR = 0x1000,
VT_ARRAY = 0x2000,
VT_BYREF = 0x4000,
VT_RESERVED = 0x8000,
VT_ILLEGAL = 0xffff,
VT_ILLEGALMASKED = 0xfff,
VT_TYPEMASK = 0xfff
} ;
借助这一结构,使得VARIANT可以容纳各种各样的数据类型。当然,这些类型都是静态的。
由于VARIANT只是简单的结构,因此使用很简单.给VARIANT变量的赋值的时候,首先给vt成员赋值,指定类型,再对union中相同数据类型的变量赋值,
VARIANT va;
int a=2001;
va.vt=VT_I4; // 指明整型数据
va.lVal=a; // 赋值
对于不马上赋值的VARIANT,最好先用Void VariantInit(VARIANTARG FAR* pvarg)进行初始化。
为了使VAIRANT使用更方便,微软对其进行了封装,封装后的类有_variant_t和COleVariant. 可以进行直接赋值,不再需要指定类型。
例如:
_variant_t val(long(1));
COleVariant val(FALSE);
更多资料,请参考msdn对这两个类的介绍。