lvm逻辑卷管理

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#########lvm###########

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1.pv          #物理卷

  vg          #物理卷组

  pe          #物理区域，是物理卷中最小的存储单元

  le           #逻辑区域，是逻辑卷中最小的存储单元

  lvm         #逻辑卷管理

 

#2.lvm的建立#

 

划分物理分区，并修改分区标签为lvm

*pvcreate /dev/vdb1                       #创建物理卷

[root@foundation180 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1

  Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created

 

*vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb1                   #创建物理卷组

[root@foundation180 ~]# vgcreate vg0 /dev/vdb1

  Volume group "vg0" successfully created

 

*lvcreate -l 100%FREE vg0 -n lv0   #将所有空闲vg分给lv

*lvcreate -L 100M -n lv0 vg0              #创建逻辑卷

[root@foundation180 ~]# lvcreate -L 100M -n lv0 vg0

  Logical volume "lv0" created

 

*mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/lv0                    #格式化设备

[root@foundation180 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg0/lv0

meta-data=/dev/vg0/lv0           isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25600, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

 

*mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /westos               #挂载设备

[root@foundation180 ~]# mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /westos

[root@foundation180 ~]# df

Filesystem          1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/vda1            10473900 3123776   7350124  30% /

devtmpfs               481120       0    481120   0% /dev

tmpfs                  496708      80    496628   1% /dev/shm

tmpfs                  496708   13052    483656   3% /run

tmpfs                  496708       0    496708   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0     98988    5280     93708   6% /westos

 

#监控命令

watch -n 1 'pvs;echo ===;vgs;echo ===;lvs;echo ===;df -h /westos'

 

#3.lvm拉伸#

 

当vg中剩余容量充足时（可以直接进行扩展）

*lvextend -L 400M /dev/vg0

[root@foundation180 ~]# lvextend -L 400M /dev/vg0/lv0

  Extending logical volume lv0 to 400.00 MiB

  Logical volume lv0 successfully resized

 

*xfs_grofs /dev/vg0/lv0

[root@foundation180 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/vg0/lv0

meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0    isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks

         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1

         =                       crc=0

data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=25600, imaxpct=25

         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0

log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=853, version=2

         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

data blocks changed from 25600 to 102400

 

当vg中的剩余容量不足时（要先扩展物理卷组，在扩展逻辑卷）

*新建分区

*pvcreate /dev/vdb2                              #创建物理卷

*vgextend vg0 /dev/vdb2                          #扩展物理卷组

*lvcreate -L 700M /dev/vg0/lv0                   #扩展逻辑卷

*xfs_growfs /dev/vg0/lv0

 

在ext文件系统中：（ext文件系统可以缩减，xfs文件系统不能缩减）

*mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/lv0

[root@foundation180 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/lv0

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=1024 (log=0)

Fragment size=1024 (log=0)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

102400 inodes, 409600 blocks

20480 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=1

Maximum filesystem blocks=34078720

50 block groups

8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group

2048 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185, 401409

 

Allocating group tables: done                            

Writing inode tables: done                            

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

拉伸

*lvextend -L 400M /dev/vg0/lv0

*resizen2fs /dev/vg0/lv0

 

缩减

对设备

*umount /westos

*e2fsck -f /dev/vg0/lv0

*resize2fs /dev/vg0/lv0 200M

*mount /dev/vg0/lv0 /westos

*lvreduce -L 200M /dev/vg0/lv0

 

对卷组

*pvmove /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb2          #当需要移除的分区上有数据时，需要将数据转移到其他分区

[root@foundation180 ~]# pvmove /dev/vdb1 /dev/vdb2

  /dev/vdb1: Moved: 3.0%

  /dev/vdb1: Moved: 100.0%

 

*vgreduce vg0 /dev/vdb1              #将/dev/vdb1卷从vg0卷组中移出

[root@foundation180 ~]# vgreduce vg0 /dev/vdb1

  Removed "/dev/vdb1" from volume group "vg0"

 

*pvremove /dev/vdb1                  #删除/dev/vdb1卷

[root@foundation180 ~]# pvremove /dev/vdb1

  Labels on physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully wiped

 

不论是拉伸还是缩减lv，在操作后最好都进行格式化，以保证lv的正常使用。

##lvm快照##

当设备中有重要文件时，可以对设备进行快照。然后将快照挂载。若是删除了文件，只用重新再次快照即可。这样比较安全。类似于虚拟机快照。

[root@foundation180 vg0]# lvcreate -L 100M -n lv0backup -s /dev/vg0/lv0

  Logical volume "lv0backup" created

 

在/mnt下建立文件作为参照

假装不小心删除了文件

卸载并移除快照

重新建立快照

挂在后在此查看/mnt文件重新出现

 

##lvm的删除##

 

*lvremove /dev/vg0/lv0

*vgremove vg0

*pvremove /dev/vdb2

*fdisk /dev/vdb

 

##lvm分区被误删##

出现如下错误

[root@foundation180 ~]# pvs

  No device found for PV t3PP25-q94H-EdOz-rOQV-kQTH-avxr-H0Lkiu.

  No device found for PV t3PP25-q94H-EdOz-rOQV-kQTH-avxr-H0Lkiu.

  No device found for PV t3PP25-q94H-EdOz-rOQV-kQTH-avxr-H0Lkiu.

  No device found for PV t3PP25-q94H-EdOz-rOQV-kQTH-avxr-H0Lkiu.

  PV             VG   Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree  

  /dev/vdb1      vg0  lvm2 a--  496.00m 396.00m

  unknown device vg0  lvm2 a-m  496.00m 496.00m

[root@foundation180 ~]# vgs

  No device found for PV t3PP25-q94H-EdOz-rOQV-kQTH-avxr-H0Lkiu.

  No device found for PV t3PP25-q94H-EdOz-rOQV-kQTH-avxr-H0Lkiu.

  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree  

  vg0    2   1   0 wz-pn- 992.00m 892.00m

 

解决方式

vgreduce vg0 --removemissing

 再次查看pv、vg、lv恢复正常。

 

注意：删除lv时一定要按照从lv-vg-pv一步步取消，最后再删除分区，否则就会报错。