javadom框架操作XML文件

这是一个用JAVA W3C DOM 进行XML操作的例子，包含了查询、增加、修改、删除、保存的基本操作。较完整的描述了一个XML的整个操作流程。适合刚入门JAVA XML操作的朋友参考和学习。

假设有XML文件：test1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<books>
<book>
<name>哈里波特</name>
<price>10</price>
<memo>这是一本很好看的书。</memo>
</book>
<book id="B02">
<name>三国演义</name>
<price>10</price>
<memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
</book>
<book id="B03">
<name>水浒</name>
<price>6</price>
<memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
</book>
<book id="B04">
<name>红楼</name>
<price>5</price>
<memo>四大名著之一。</memo>
</book>
</books>

下面是为Test.java

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.w3c.dom.*;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import javax.xml.transform.*;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
import javax.xml.xpath.*;

public class Test ...{
public static void main(String[] args) ...{
DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
Element theBook=null, theElem=null, root=null;
try ...{
factory.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);

DocumentBuilder db=factory.newDocumentBuilder();
Document xmldoc=db.parse(new File("Test1.xml"));
root=xmldoc.getDocumentElement();

//--- 新建一本书开始 ----
theBook=xmldoc.createElement("book");
theElem=xmldoc.createElement("name");
theElem.setTextContent("新书");
theBook.appendChild(theElem);

theElem=xmldoc.createElement("price");
theElem.setTextContent("20");
theBook.appendChild(theElem);

theElem=xmldoc.createElement("memo");
theElem.setTextContent("新书的更好看。");
theBook.appendChild(theElem);
root.appendChild(theBook);
System.out.println("--- 新建一本书开始 ----");
output(xmldoc);
//--- 新建一本书完成 ----

//--- 下面对《哈里波特》做一些修改。 ----
//--- 查询找《哈里波特》----
theBook=(Element) selectSingleNode("/books/book[name='哈里波特']", root);
System.out.println("--- 查询找《哈里波特》 ----");
output(theBook);
//--- 此时修改这本书的价格 -----
theBook.getElementsByTagName("price").item(0).setTextContent("15");//getElementsByTagName返回的是NodeList，所以要跟上item(0)。另外，getElementsByTagName("price")相当于xpath的".//price"。
System.out.println("--- 此时修改这本书的价格 ----");
output(theBook);
//--- 另外还想加一个属性id，值为B01 ----
theBook.setAttribute("id", "B01");
System.out.println("--- 另外还想加一个属性id，值为B01 ----");
output(theBook);
//--- 对《哈里波特》修改完成。 ----

//--- 要用id属性删除《三国演义》这本书 ----
theBook=(Element) selectSingleNode("/books/book[@id='B02']", root);
System.out.println("--- 要用id属性删除《三国演义》这本书 ----");
output(theBook);
theBook.getParentNode().removeChild(theBook);
System.out.println("--- 删除后的ＸＭＬ ----");
output(xmldoc);

//--- 再将所有价格低于10的书删除 ----
NodeList someBooks=selectNodes("/books/book[price<10]", root);
System.out.println("--- 再将所有价格低于10的书删除 ---");
System.out.println("--- 符合条件的书有　"+someBooks.getLength()+"本。 ---");
for(int i=0;i<someBooks.getLength();i++) ...{
someBooks.item(i).getParentNode().removeChild(someBooks.item(i));
}
output(xmldoc);

saveXml("Test1_Edited.xml", xmldoc);
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

public static void output(Node node) ...{//将node的XML字符串输出到控制台
TransformerFactory transFactory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
try ...{
Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
transformer.setOutputProperty("encoding", "gb2312");
transformer.setOutputProperty("indent", "yes");

DOMSource source=new DOMSource();
source.setNode(node);
StreamResult result=new StreamResult();
result.setOutputStream(System.out);

transformer.transform(source, result);
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TransformerException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

public static Node selectSingleNode(String express, Object source) ...{//查找节点，并返回第一个符合条件节点
Node result=null;
XPathFactory xpathFactory=XPathFactory.newInstance();
XPath xpath=xpathFactory.newXPath();
try ...{
result=(Node) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODE);
} catch (XPathExpressionException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
}

return result;
}

public static NodeList selectNodes(String express, Object source) ...{//查找节点，返回符合条件的节点集。
NodeList result=null;
XPathFactory xpathFactory=XPathFactory.newInstance();
XPath xpath=xpathFactory.newXPath();
try ...{
result=(NodeList) xpath.evaluate(express, source, XPathConstants.NODESET);
} catch (XPathExpressionException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
}

return result;
}

public static void saveXml(String fileName, Document doc) ...{//将Document输出到文件
TransformerFactory transFactory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
try ...{
Transformer transformer = transFactory.newTransformer();
transformer.setOutputProperty("indent", "yes");

DOMSource source=new DOMSource();
source.setNode(doc);
StreamResult result=new StreamResult();
result.setOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fileName));

transformer.transform(source, result);
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (TransformerException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) ...{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}