Spring是一个开源容器框架,Spring的核心是控制反转(IOC)和面向切面(AOP)。简单来说,Spring是一个分层的JavaSE/EEfull-stack(一站式)轻量级开源框架。
- IoC:控制反转。
举例来说,在之前的操作中,比方说有一个类,我们想要调用类里面的方法(不是静态方法),就要创建类的对象,使用对象调用方法实现。对于Spring来说,Spring创建对象的过程,不是在代码里面实现的,而是交给Spring来进行配置实现的。 - AOP:面向切面编程。
三种对象创建方式:
Spring里边是通过配置文件来创建对象的,即其有IOC控制反转机制,每一个bean的实例化就是在创建一个对象。bean实例化有三种实现方式:
(1)使用类的无参构造函数来创建(重点)
比如说有一个User类:
public class User {
private String username;
public User() {
}
}
配置文件
<bean id="user" class="cn.ywq.User" ></bean>
(2)使用静态工厂创建:
创建静态的方法,返回类对象
package cn.ywq.bean;
public class Bean2Factory {
//静态的方法,返回Bean2对象
public static Bean2 getBean2() {
return new Bean2();
}
}
<bean id="bean2" class="cn.ywq.bean.Bean2Factory" factory-method="getBean2"></bean>
(3)使用实例工厂创建
创建不是静态的方法,返回类对象 n
package cn.ywq.bean;
public class Bean3Factory {
//普通的方法,返回Bean3对象
public Bean3 getBean3() {
return new Bean3();
}
}
<bean id="bean3Factory" class="cn.ywq.bean.Bean3Factory"></bean>
<bean id="bean3" factory-bean="bean3Factory" factory-method="getBean3"></bean>
对象属性注入:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd ">
<!-- spring管理的对象 -->
<!-- set属性注入 -->
<bean name="User" class="lx.bean.User">
<!-- 值类型注入 -->
<property name="name" value="tom"></property>
<property name="age" value="18"></property>
<!-- 引用类型注入 -->
<property name="Car" ref="Car"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="Car" class="lx.bean.Car">
<property name="name" value="兰博基尼"></property>
<property name="color" value="黄色"></property>
</bean>
<!-- p名称空间注入 -->
<bean name="User2" class="lx.bean.User" p:name="jack" p:age="20"
p:car-ref="Car"></bean>
<!-- spel注入 -->
<bean name="User3" class="lx.bean.User">
<property name="name" value="#{User.name}"></property>
<property name="age" value="#{User2.age}"></property>
<property name="Car" ref="Car"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 复杂类型注入 -->
<bean name="CollectionBean" class="lx.c_injection.CollectionBean">
<!-- <property name="arr" value="tom"></property> -->
<property name="arr">
<array>
<value>tom</value>
<value>jack</value>
<ref bean="User3" />
</array>
</property>
<!-- <property name="list" value="tom"></property> -->
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>tom</value>
<value>jack</value>
<ref bean="User3" />
</list>
</property>
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="aa" value="tom"></entry>
<entry key="bb" value="jack"></entry>
</map>
</property>
<property name="pro">
<props>
<prop key="aa">tom</prop>
<prop key="bb">jack</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
AOP实现原理(动态代理:被代理对象必须实现接口、cglib代理:可以对任何类生成代理,代理的原理是对目标对象进行继承)
aop体现:配置通知
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd ">
<!-- 配置目标对象 -->
<bean name="userservice" class="lx.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
</bean>
<!-- 配置通知对象 -->
<bean name="myadvice" class="lx.aspect.MyAdvice"></bean>
<!-- 配置将通知织入目标对象 -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切入点 -->
<!-- public void lx.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.add() -->
<!-- void lx.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.add() -->
<!-- * lx.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.add() -->
<!-- * lx.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.*() -->
<!-- * lx.service.impl.*ServiceImpl.*(..) -->
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* lx.service.impl.*ServiceImpl.*(..))" id="pc" />
<aop:aspect ref="myadvice">
<aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="pc"/>
<aop:after-returning method="afterReturning" pointcut-ref="pc"/>
<aop:around method="around" pointcut-ref="pc"/>
<aop:after-throwing method="afterException" pointcut-ref="pc"/>
<aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="pc"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>
spring 整合jdbc和spring事物管理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd ">
<!-- 1将连接池放入spring容器 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" />
<!-- 事物核心管理器 -->
<bean name="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事物通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="false" />
<tx:method name="persist*" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="false" />
<tx:method name="update*" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="false" />
<tx:method name="modify*" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="false" />
<tx:method name="delete*" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="false" />
<tx:method name="remove*" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="false" />
<tx:method name="get*" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="find*" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="transfer" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"
read-only="false" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 配置织入 -->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* lx.service.impl.*ServiceImpl.*(..))"
id="txpc" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txpc" />
</aop:config>
<beans>
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 2将jdbctemple放入spring容器 -->
<bean name="JdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 3将userDao放入spring容器 -->
<bean name="userDao" class="lx.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl">
<property name="jt" ref="JdbcTemplate"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="accountDao" class="lx.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<bean name="accountService" class="lx.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
<property name="ad" ref="accountDao"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
</beans>