2021年10月26日
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Stack;
// 堆 先进后出 桶结构
// 1 boolean empty() 测试堆栈是否为空。
// 2 Object peek( ) 查看堆栈顶部的对象。 synchronized
// 3 Object pop( ) 弹出堆栈顶部的对象(堆栈消失)。 synchronized
// 4 Object push(Object element) 把项压入堆栈顶部。
// 5 int search(Object element) 返回对象在堆栈中的位置,以 1 为基数。 synchronized
public class StackTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 先进后出 像一个桶
final Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();
System.out.println("测试堆栈是否为空:" + stack.empty());
stack.push("1");
stack.push("2");
stack.push("3");
stack.push("4");
stack.forEach(System.out::println);
System.out.println("弹出:" + stack.pop());
stack.forEach(System.out::println);
}
}
// 队列 先进先出 管子结构
// 1. boolean offer(E e) 提供数据(添加)。
// 2. E poll() 弹出第一个元素,队列中消失。
// 3. E peek() 获取第一个元素。
// 4. E element() 获取第一个元素(取不出抛出异常)。
class QueueTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//add()和remove()方法在失败的时候会抛出异常(不推荐)
Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<>();
//添加元素
queue.offer("a");
queue.offer("b");
queue.offer("c");
queue.offer("d");
queue.offer("e");
for(String q : queue){
System.out.println(q);
}
System.out.println("===");
System.out.println("poll="+queue.poll()); //返回第一个元素,并在队列中删除
for(String q : queue){
System.out.println(q);
}
System.out.println("===");
System.out.println("element="+queue.element()); //返回第一个元素
for(String q : queue){
System.out.println(q);
}
System.out.println("===");
System.out.println("peek="+queue.peek()); //返回第一个元素
for(String q : queue){
System.out.println(q);
}
}
}
付相关源码类
package java.util;
/**
* The <code>Stack</code> class represents a last-in-first-out
* (LIFO) stack of objects. It extends class <tt>Vector</tt> with five
* operations that allow a vector to be treated as a stack. The usual
* <tt>push</tt> and <tt>pop</tt> operations are provided, as well as a
* method to <tt>peek</tt> at the top item on the stack, a method to test
* for whether the stack is <tt>empty</tt>, and a method to <tt>search</tt>
* the stack for an item and discover how far it is from the top.
* <p>
* When a stack is first created, it contains no items.
*
* <p>A more complete and consistent set of LIFO stack operations is
* provided by the {@link Deque} interface and its implementations, which
* should be used in preference to this class. For example:
* <pre> {@code
* Deque<Integer> stack = new ArrayDeque<Integer>();}</pre>
*
* @author Jonathan Payne
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public
class Stack<E> extends Vector<E> {
/**
* Creates an empty Stack.
*/
public Stack() {
}
/**
* Pushes an item onto the top of this stack. This has exactly
* the same effect as:
* <blockquote><pre>
* addElement(item)</pre></blockquote>
*
* @param item the item to be pushed onto this stack.
* @return the <code>item</code> argument.
* @see java.util.Vector#addElement
*/
public E push(E item) {
addElement(item);
return item;
}
/**
* Removes the object at the top of this stack and returns that
* object as the value of this function.
*
* @return The object at the top of this stack (the last item
* of the <tt>Vector</tt> object).
* @throws EmptyStackException if this stack is empty.
*/
public synchronized E pop() {
E obj;
int len = size();
obj = peek();
removeElementAt(len - 1);
return obj;
}
/**
* Looks at the object at the top of this stack without removing it
* from the stack.
*
* @return the object at the top of this stack (the last item
* of the <tt>Vector</tt> object).
* @throws EmptyStackException if this stack is empty.
*/
public synchronized E peek() {
int len = size();
if (len == 0)
throw new EmptyStackException();
return elementAt(len - 1);
}
/**
* Tests if this stack is empty.
*
* @return <code>true</code> if and only if this stack contains
* no items; <code>false</code> otherwise.
*/
public boolean empty() {
return size() == 0;
}
/**
* Returns the 1-based position where an object is on this stack.
* If the object <tt>o</tt> occurs as an item in this stack, this
* method returns the distance from the top of the stack of the
* occurrence nearest the top of the stack; the topmost item on the
* stack is considered to be at distance <tt>1</tt>. The <tt>equals</tt>
* method is used to compare <tt>o</tt> to the
* items in this stack.
*
* @param o the desired object.
* @return the 1-based position from the top of the stack where
* the object is located; the return value <code>-1</code>
* indicates that the object is not on the stack.
*/
public synchronized int search(Object o) {
int i = lastIndexOf(o);
if (i >= 0) {
return size() - i;
}
return -1;
}
/** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1224463164541339165L;
}
package java.util;
public interface Queue<E> extends Collection<E> {
/**
* Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do so
* immediately without violating capacity restrictions, returning
* {@code true} upon success and throwing an {@code IllegalStateException}
* if no space is currently available.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
* @throws IllegalStateException if the element cannot be added at this
* time due to capacity restrictions
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this queue
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
* this queue does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element
* prevents it from being added to this queue
*/
boolean add(E e);
/**
* Inserts the specified element into this queue if it is possible to do
* so immediately without violating capacity restrictions.
* When using a capacity-restricted queue, this method is generally
* preferable to {@link #add}, which can fail to insert an element only
* by throwing an exception.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @return {@code true} if the element was added to this queue, else
* {@code false}
* @throws ClassCastException if the class of the specified element
* prevents it from being added to this queue
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified element is null and
* this queue does not permit null elements
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if some property of this element
* prevents it from being added to this queue
*/
boolean offer(E e);
/**
* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue. This method differs
* from {@link #poll poll} only in that it throws an exception if this
* queue is empty.
*
* @return the head of this queue
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty
*/
E remove();
/**
* Retrieves and removes the head of this queue,
* or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.
*
* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty
*/
E poll();
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue. This method
* differs from {@link #peek peek} only in that it throws an exception
* if this queue is empty.
*
* @return the head of this queue
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this queue is empty
*/
E element();
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head of this queue,
* or returns {@code null} if this queue is empty.
*
* @return the head of this queue, or {@code null} if this queue is empty
*/
E peek();
}