QT开发之串口通信（一）

QT有自带的串口类，所以使用串口很便捷

环境：QT5.9.0+Creator4.3.1，WIN10

1、添加代码

.pro

QT       += serialport

.h头文件：

#ifndef QMYSERIALPORT_H
#define QMYSERIALPORT_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QSerialPort>           //提供访问串口的功能
#include <QSerialPortInfo>    //提供系统中存在的串口的信息

#include <QLabel>
#include <QAction>
#include <QComboBox>
#include <QSpinBox>
#include <QFontComboBox>
#include <QToolButton>
#include <QStatusBar>
#include <QTextCharFormat>
#include <QDockWidget>
#include <QStackedWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QButtonGroup>
#include <QGraphicsScene>
#include <QGraphicsView>
#include <QGraphicsEllipseItem>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QLayout>

#include <QTableWidget>
#include <QTextEdit>



namespace Ui
{
    class QMySerialPort;
}

class QMySerialPort : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit QMySerialPort(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~QMySerialPort();
    void bluetooth();
    void statusOfAll();
private:
    //基本布局
    QGraphicsScene *scene;
    //停靠窗口1，显示蓝牙连接状态
    QLabel *BlueToothLabel;
    QComboBox *BlueToothPortComboBox;
    QPushButton *ConnectBtn;
    QPushButton *BreakBtn;
    QPushButton *SendBtn;
    QSerialPort *CurrentPort;
    QLabel *BaudRateLabel;
    QComboBox *BaudRateComBox;
    QLabel *DateRateLabel;
    QComboBox *DateRateComBox;
    QLabel *ParityLabel;
    QComboBox *ParityComBox;
    QLabel *StopBitsLabel;
    QComboBox *StopBitsComBox;



    //停靠窗口3，3个显示窗口，状态/接受/发送
    QTextEdit *StatusOfDock3;
    QTextEdit *SendInfo;
    QTextEdit *ReceiveInfo;


private slots:
    void on_clearButton_clicked();
    void on_sendButtton_clicked();
    void on_connectButton_clicked();
    void on_breakButton_clicked();
    void Read_Data();
private:
    Ui::QMySerialPort *ui;
};

#endif // QMYSERIALPORT_H

.cpp

#include "qmyserialport.h"
#include "ui_qmyserialport.h"


QMySerialPort::QMySerialPort(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::QMySerialPort)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    setWindowTitle(tr("串口通信"));
    resize(1000,500);
    bluetooth();
    statusOfAll();
}

QMySerialPort::~QMySerialPort()
{
    delete ui;
}


void QMySerialPort::bluetooth()//蓝牙模块
{
    QDockWidget *dock1 = new QDockWidget(tr("DockWindow1"));
    dock1->setFeatures(QDockWidget::DockWidgetMovable|QDockWidget::DockWidgetFloatable); //窗口可移动
    dock1->setAllowedAreas(Qt::LeftDockWidgetArea|Qt::RightDockWidgetArea);

    addDockWidget(Qt::RightDockWidgetArea,dock1);
    dock1->setStyleSheet("QPushButton{color:white;background-color:black}");//按钮样式设置
    BlueToothLabel = new QLabel(tr("Port name: "));
    ConnectBtn = new QPushButton("Connect");
    BreakBtn = new QPushButton(tr("Break"));
    SendBtn = new QPushButton(tr("Send"));
    BlueToothPortComboBox = new QComboBox;

    BaudRateLabel = new QLabel(tr("BaudRate: "));
    BaudRateComBox = new QComboBox;
    BaudRateComBox->addItem(tr("9600"));
    BaudRateComBox->addItem(tr("19200"));
    BaudRateComBox->addItem(tr("38400"));
    BaudRateComBox->addItem(tr("57600"));
    BaudRateComBox->addItem(tr("11520"));
    BaudRateComBox->setCurrentIndex(0);//设置下拉选择默认为第4个

    DateRateLabel = new QLabel(tr("DateRate: "));
    DateRateComBox = new QComboBox;
    DateRateComBox->addItem("5");
    DateRateComBox->addItem("6");
    DateRateComBox->addItem("7");
    DateRateComBox->addItem("8");
    DateRateComBox->setCurrentIndex(3);//设置下拉选择默认为第4个

    ParityLabel = new QLabel("Parity");
    ParityComBox = new QComboBox;
    ParityComBox->addItem("On");
    ParityComBox->addItem("Off");
    ParityComBox->setCurrentIndex(1);

    StopBitsLabel = new QLabel("StopBits: ");
    StopBitsComBox = new QComboBox;
    StopBitsComBox->addItem("1");
    StopBitsComBox->addItem("2");


    //进行布局，先横向再纵向
    QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout1 = new QHBoxLayout();
    Dock1Layout1->addWidget(BlueToothLabel);
    Dock1Layout1->addWidget(BlueToothPortComboBox);

    QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout2 = new QHBoxLayout();
    Dock1Layout2->addWidget(BaudRateLabel);
    Dock1Layout2->addWidget(BaudRateComBox);

    QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout3 = new QHBoxLayout();
    Dock1Layout3->addWidget(DateRateLabel);
    Dock1Layout3->addWidget(DateRateComBox);

    QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout4 = new QHBoxLayout();
    Dock1Layout4->addWidget(ParityLabel);
    Dock1Layout4->addWidget(ParityComBox);

    QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout5 = new QHBoxLayout();
    Dock1Layout5->addWidget(StopBitsLabel);
    Dock1Layout5->addWidget(StopBitsComBox);




    QHBoxLayout *Dock1Layout6 = new QHBoxLayout();
    Dock1Layout6->addWidget(ConnectBtn);//点击后就开始寻找设备进行连接
    Dock1Layout6->addWidget(BreakBtn);//点击后断开串口连接
    Dock1Layout6->addWidget(SendBtn);

    QVBoxLayout *Dock1Layout = new QVBoxLayout();
    Dock1Layout->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
    Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout1);
    Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout2);
    Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout3);
    Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout4);
    Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout5);
    Dock1Layout->addLayout(Dock1Layout6);


    QWidget *Dock1Widget = new QWidget();
    Dock1Widget->setLayout(Dock1Layout);
    dock1->setWidget(Dock1Widget);

    ConnectBtn->setMinimumWidth(70);
    BreakBtn->setMaximumWidth(50);

    //搜索串口，并添加到选项上供使用者选择
    foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &Info,QSerialPortInfo ::availablePorts())
    {
        QSerialPort CurrentPort;
        CurrentPort.setPort(Info);
        if(CurrentPort.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
        {
          BlueToothPortComboBox->addItem(CurrentPort.portName());//插入串口的名字
          CurrentPort.close();   //先开再关，把串口名称先导入
        }
    }
    connect(ConnectBtn, SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_connectButton_clicked()));
    connect(BreakBtn, SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_breakButton_clicked()));
    connect(SendBtn,SIGNAL(clicked()),this,SLOT(on_sendButtton_clicked()));
}

void QMySerialPort::on_clearButton_clicked()//清空发送与接收窗口信息
{
    SendInfo->clear();
    ReceiveInfo->clear();
}

//发送数据
void QMySerialPort::on_sendButtton_clicked()
{
    QByteArray SendBytes = SendInfo->toPlainText().toLatin1();//toPlainText(将文本编辑的文本转换为纯文本)


    if(SendBytes.isEmpty())//判断发送数据是否为空
    {
        StatusOfDock3->append("No message can be sent, Please write something");
    }

    CurrentPort->write(SendBytes);
}

//读取接收到的数据
void QMySerialPort::Read_Data()
{
    QByteArray buf;
    buf = CurrentPort->readAll();//Qbytearray类提供一个字节数组,buf这里应该是缓冲数据的功能


    if(!buf.isEmpty())
    {
        QString str = this->ReceiveInfo->toPlainText().toUtf8();
        str += tr(buf);
        ReceiveInfo->clear();
        ReceiveInfo->append(str);
    }
    buf.clear();
}

//联机
void QMySerialPort::on_connectButton_clicked()
{
        CurrentPort = new QSerialPort;
        CurrentPort->setPortName(BlueToothPortComboBox->currentText());//设置串口名
        //设置波特率
        switch (BaudRateComBox->currentIndex())
        {
            case 0: StatusOfDock3->append("Baud:9600");
                CurrentPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud9600,QSerialPort::AllDirections); break;
            case 1: StatusOfDock3->append("Baud:19200");
                CurrentPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud19200,QSerialPort::AllDirections); break;
            case 2: StatusOfDock3->append("Baud:38400");
                CurrentPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud38400,QSerialPort::AllDirections); break;
            case 3: StatusOfDock3->append("Baud:57600");
                CurrentPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud57600,QSerialPort::AllDirections); break;
            case 4: StatusOfDock3->append("Baud:115200");
               CurrentPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200,QSerialPort::AllDirections); break;
            default: break;
        }

        //设置数据位数
        switch(DateRateComBox->currentIndex())
        {
            case 0: StatusOfDock3->append("Data:5");
                CurrentPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data5); break;
            case 1: StatusOfDock3->append("Data:6");
                CurrentPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data6); break;
            case 2: StatusOfDock3->append("Data:7");
                CurrentPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data7); break;
            case 3: StatusOfDock3->append("Data:8");
                CurrentPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8); break;
            default: break;
        }
        //设置奇偶校验
        switch(ParityComBox->currentIndex())
        {
            case 1:StatusOfDock3->append("Parity: off");
                CurrentPort->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity); break;
            default: break;
        }
        switch(StopBitsComBox->currentIndex())   //设置停止位
        {
            case 0: StatusOfDock3->append("StopBits:1");
                CurrentPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop); break;
            case 1: StatusOfDock3->append("StopBits:2");
                CurrentPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop); break;
            default: break;
        }
        CurrentPort->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);  //设置流控制

        CurrentPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);//打开串口

        if(CurrentPort->isOpen())
        {
           StatusOfDock3->append("Succeesfully open the Port ");
           //关闭设置菜单使能
           BlueToothPortComboBox->setEnabled(false);
           BaudRateComBox->setEnabled(false);
           DateRateComBox->setEnabled(false);
           ParityComBox->setEnabled(false);
           StopBitsComBox->setEnabled(false);
           ConnectBtn->setEnabled(false);
           BreakBtn->setEnabled(true);
           SendBtn->setEnabled(true);
        }
        else
        {
           StatusOfDock3->append("Defeatly open the port");
        }

        //连接信号槽
        QObject::connect(CurrentPort, &QSerialPort::readyRead, this, &QMySerialPort::Read_Data);

}

//断开
void QMySerialPort::on_breakButton_clicked()
{
    //关闭串口
    CurrentPort->clear();
    CurrentPort->close();
    CurrentPort->deleteLater();
    StatusOfDock3->append("Serial connection has been disconnected");
    //恢复设置使能
    BlueToothPortComboBox->setEnabled(true);
    BaudRateComBox->setEnabled(true);
    DateRateComBox->setEnabled(true);
    ParityComBox->setEnabled(true);
    StopBitsComBox->setEnabled(true);
    ConnectBtn->setEnabled(true);
    BreakBtn->setEnabled(false);
    SendBtn->setEnabled(false);
}

void QMySerialPort::statusOfAll()//最下面的窗口，显示图像的各个数据；暂时让收发数据显示在这里，到后面可隐藏掉
{
    //停靠窗口3，显示图像各种参数
    QDockWidget *dock3 = new QDockWidget(tr("DockWindow3"));
    dock3->setFeatures(QDockWidget::DockWidgetMovable|QDockWidget::DockWidgetFloatable); //窗口可移动
    dock3->setAllowedAreas(Qt::BottomDockWidgetArea);
    addDockWidget(Qt::BottomDockWidgetArea,dock3);
    dock3->setMinimumSize(1500,100);
    QHBoxLayout *Dock3Layout = new QHBoxLayout;
    StatusOfDock3 = new QTextEdit;
    StatusOfDock3->setMinimumSize(300,200);
    SendInfo = new QTextEdit;
    ReceiveInfo = new QTextEdit;

    Dock3Layout->addWidget(StatusOfDock3);
    Dock3Layout->addWidget(SendInfo);
    Dock3Layout->addWidget(ReceiveInfo);
    QWidget *Dock3Widget = new QWidget();
    Dock3Widget->setLayout(Dock3Layout);
    dock3->setWidget(Dock3Widget);

}

2、准备一个虚拟串口的功能和串口助手

先使用虚拟串口将COM1和COM2关联起来

然后将串口助手和生成的软件断开、波特率、等等都设置好

 

源码中有接受和发送函数，使用时自行修改代码就可以了