SpringMVC简单小入门

由于笔者是多个demo一起结合的，所以代码就一起放置在一起，但是是按照前后顺序实现的，所以大家按照步骤是能够运行成功的。

 

一、 开发准备，创建项目

指定：

Key：archetypeCatalog

Value：internal

解决web项目使用idea创建工程后，加载过慢的问题。

二、导入jar包，依赖

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>


  <dependencies>
    <!-- 版本锁定 -->


      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>2.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
      </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

三、配置web.xml文件

<!-- SpringMVC的核心控制器 -->
    <!-- 配置过滤器，解决中文乱码的问题 -->
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数，读取springmvc的配置文件，创建spring容器 -->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
    <!--配置解决中文乱码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

四、编写springmvc.xml文件

  <!--配置spring容器时要扫描的包,可以使用@controller注解-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="zyp"></context:component-scan>
    <!--配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--配置spring开启注解mvc支持,自动开启处理器和处理器适配器-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>
    <!--配置文件解析器对象,要求名称是multipartResolver-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver"
          class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <!--W文件大小限制-->
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760"/>
    </bean>

五、编写默认跳转index.jsp文件

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

六、在WEB-INF下创建pages的文件夹，创建success.jsp 成功页面

<body>
<h1>访问成功</h1>
</body>

七、创建视图解析地址（多个一起测试）

<script src="jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
    $(function(){
        $("#btn").click(function(){
            // alert("ok");
            $.ajax({
                url:"user/testJson",
                contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
                data:'{"username":"tom","password":"123","age":18}',
                dataType:"json",
                type:"post",
                success:function (data) {
                    alert(data);
                    alert(data.username);
                    alert(data.password);
                    alert(data.age);
                    
                }
            });
        })
    })
</script>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>返回字符串</h3>
<a href="user/returnString">返回字符串类型</a>
<a href="user/userUpdate">表单回显(修改用户)</a>
<h3>无返回值void</h3>
<a href="user/testVoid">无返回值</a>
<h3>返回ModelAndView对象</h3>
<a href="user/testModelAndView">ModelAndView</a>
<h3>转发和重定向</h3>
<a href="user/testForwardOrRedirect">ForwardOrRedirect</a>
<h3>ResponseBody响应json数据</h3>
<input type="button" value="提交" id="btn"/>
</body>

八、创建userController测试

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/returnString")
    public String testReturnString(){
        System.out.println("执行了returnString方法");
        return "success";
    }
    /*
    * 请求参数的绑定
    * */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/userUpdate")
    public String userUpdate(Model model){
//        模拟从数据库中查询数据并且进行回显
        User user=new User();
        user.setUsername("小元");
        user.setAge(18);
        user.setPassword("123");
        model.addAttribute("User",user);
        return "update";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/update")
    public String testUpdate(User user){
//        模拟从数据库中查询数据并且进行回显
        System.out.println("中兴控制层中的更新方法:"+user);
        return "success";
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "/testVoid")
    public void TestVoid(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("请求转发或者重定向" );
//        1.请求转发
//        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp").forward(request, response);
//         2：重定向
//         response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        // 3：直接响应数据
        response.getWriter().print("你好");
        return;
    }
    @RequestMapping(value = "testModelAndView")
    public ModelAndView testModelAndView(){
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        mv.setViewName("success");
        // 模拟从数据库中查询所有的用户信息
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
        User user1 = new User();
        user1.setUsername("张三");
        user1.setPassword("123");

        User user2 = new User();
        user2.setUsername("赵四");
        user2.setPassword("456");

        list.add(user1);
        list.add(user2);
//        把list集合放到model视图器里
        mv.addObject("list",list);
        return mv;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "testForwardOrRedirect")
    public String testForwardOrRedirect(){
        System.out.println("转发和重定向的方法执行了........");
//        return "forward:/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp";
//        return "forward:/user/returnString";
        /**
         * 重定向
         * @return
         * @throws Exception
         */

//        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
        return "redirect:/user/returnString";
    }
/*        @RequestMapping(value = "/testJson")
        public void testJson(@RequestBody String body){
            System.out.println(body);
        }*/
        /*
        * 获取请求体的数据,响应json
        * */
        @RequestMapping(value="/testJson")
public @ResponseBody User testJson(@RequestBody User user){
//请求user
            System.out.println(user);
            User user1=new User();
            user1.setUsername("小迟");
            user1.setAge(21);
            user1.setPassword("321");
            return user1;
        }

九、update.jsp的编写

<body>
<h3>修改用户</h3>
<%--${ requestScope }--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/
user/update" method="post">
    姓名：<input type="text" name="username" value="${ User.username }"><br>
    密码：<input type="text" name="password" value="${ User.password }"><br>
    年龄：<input type="text" name="age" value="${ User.age }"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

</body>

最后我们来看看编辑的页面

还有服务器，tomcat8的配置页面

 

最后，笔者的成功显示页面和所有demo案例如下，如果浏览器不能正常弹出，可以手动手写该浏览器地址