51 单片机实战教程(17 内部ADC转换器)

Bill66

已于 2022-06-13 14:05:39 修改

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分类专栏： C语言 Keill C 文章标签：单片机嵌入式硬件

于 2021-12-16 11:55:56 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/billliu66/article/details/121969749

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STC15W系列有内部集成了8路10bit ADC转换器，该转换器是逐次比较型。其输入通道切换是通过内部模拟开关实现的。其原理结构如下：

转换结果存储在ADC-RES, ADC_RESL寄存器中。ADC-RES可以存储高8位也可存储高2位，缺省状态下是存储高8位，ADC_RESL存储低2位，当CLK_DIV寄存器的bit5设置为1时，ADC-RES存储高2位，ADC_RESL存储低8位。

与ADC相关的功能寄存器如下：

STC15W系列单片机的ADC没有单独的参考电压输入管脚，是以单片机的供电电压做参考电压。由于电源噪声，ADC转换结果会受到一些影响。如果要得到比较精确的结果，我们可以通过第9通道，读取内部BandGap参考电压的ADC结果，来比较修正。单片机的内部BandGap参考电压是很准确的。当下载程序时勾选下面红框中的项

BandGap参考电压将会存储在指定的内存位置中，当程序存储区内存大于1K时，存储位置为存储内存结尾位置减8，如STC15W4K61，BandGap参考电压的存储地址在0xF3FF-8，即0xF3F7。存储电压的单位为毫伏。

读取第九通道ADC值的方法如下：将寄存器P1ASF赋值为0x00，按正常读取通道0的ADC值的方法读取通道0的ADC值，其结果就是第九通道ADC值，即BandGap参考电压的ADC值。

基于目前对STC15W系列单片机ADC的了解，就可以动手写ADC的库函数了，新建两个文件分别以stcadc.h,stcadc.c存入C51 Template文件夹下Library文件夹中。完成后的头文件如下：

/*stcadc.h
  Designed by Bill Liu
  Version 0.0 
  Modified last by Bill Liu on 06/13/2022
*/
#ifndef __STCADC_H__
#define __STCADC_H__

#include "mtype.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "stc15w4k.h"

extern ui16 code Vbg_ROM; // band gap voltage stord at memory end address -8, define at main.c or main.h
extern FSYSCLOCK FSCLK;

//
typedef enum
{
  ADC_CH0 = 0x01, //ADC Channel P1.0
	ADC_CH1 = 0x02, //ADC Channel P1.1
	ADC_CH2 = 0x04, //ADC Channel P1.2
	ADC_CH3 = 0x08, //ADC Channel P1.3
	ADC_CH4 = 0x10, //ADC Channel P1.4
	ADC_CH5 = 0x20, //ADC Channel P1.5
	ADC_CH6 = 0x40, //ADC Channel P1.6
	ADC_CH7 = 0x80  //ADC Channel P1.7
} ADC_CH;

//
typedef enum
{
  CLK_C540 = 0, //540 clk cycle covert a time
	CLK_C360,     //360 clk cycle covert a time
  CLK_C180,     //180 clk cycle covert a time
  CLK_C90,      //90  clk cycle covert a time
}ADC_SPEED;


/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_EnableChn(BOOL mAble, ADC_CH myCh);
Return value: void
Discription: configure ADC_CH I/O ADC mode enable/disable
Example:
  ADC_EnableChn(1, ADC_CH0); //ADC_CH1  ADC enable
***********************************************************************/
void ADC_EnableChn(BOOL mAble, ADC_CH myCh); 

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_PowerOn();
Return value: void
Discription: ADC power on
Example:
  ADC_PowerOn(); 
***********************************************************************/
void ADC_PowerOn();

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_PowerOff();
Return value: void
Discription: ADC power switch off
Example:
  ADC_PowerOff();
***********************************************************************/
void ADC_PowerOff(); 

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_SpeedConfig(ADC_SPEED mSpeed);
Return value: void
Discription: configure ADC speed
Example:
  ADC_SpeedConfig(CLK_C360);
***********************************************************************/
void ADC_SpeedConfig(ADC_SPEED mSpeed);

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_GetFlag();
Return value: void
Discription: get ADC finish flag
Example:
 ui8 tem = ADC_GetFlag();
***********************************************************************/
ui8 ADC_GetFlag();

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_GetFlag();
Return value: void
Discription: get ADC finish flag
Example:
 ui8 tem = ADC_GetFlag();
***********************************************************************/
void ADC_ResetFlag();

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_Start();
Return value: void
Discription: ADC start
Example:
 ADC_Start();
***********************************************************************/
void ADC_Start();


/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_ChnSel(ADC_CH mSel);
Return value: void
Discription: select ADC channel
Example:
 ADC_ChnSel(ADC_CH0);
***********************************************************************/
void ADC_ChnSel(ADC_CH mSel);


/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_Init(ADC_SPEED mSel);
Return value: void
Discription: init ADC speed and set power on 
Example:
 ADC_ChnSel(CLK_C360);
***********************************************************************/
void ADC_Init(ADC_SPEED mSel);	

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_GetResult(ADC_CH Chx);
Return value: ui16
Discription: get x channel ADC result
Example:
 ui16 tem = ADC_GetResult(ADC_CH2);
***********************************************************************/
ui16 ADC_GetResult(ADC_CH Chx);

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_GetBandGapRes();
Return value: ui16
Discription: get band gap voltage ADC result
Example:
 ui16 tem = ADC_GetBandGapRes();
***********************************************************************/
ui16 ADC_GetBandGapRes(); 

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_GetBgVoltage();
Return value: ui16
Discription: get mcu band voltage
Example:
ui16 tem =ADC_GetBgVoltage(); //unit:  mV
***********************************************************************/
ui16 ADC_GetBgVoltage(); 

/***********************************************************
Function: ADC_ChnVoltage(ADC_CH Chx);
Return value: ui16
Discription: get x channel input voltage
Example:
ui16 tem =ADC_ChnVoltage(ADC_CH2); //unit:  mV
***********************************************************************/
ui16 ADC_ChnVoltage(ADC_CH Chx);

#endif

完成后的源代码如下：

/*stcadc.c
  Designed by Bill Liu
  Version 0.0 
  Modified last by Bill Liu on 12/21/2021
*/
#include "stcadc.h"

//***********************************************************************
void ADC_EnableChn(BOOL mAble, ADC_CH myCh)
{
	if(mAble)
		P1ASF |= myCh;
	else
		P1ASF &= ~myCh;
}
//End of ADC_EnableChn(BOOL mAble, ADC_CH myCh)



//*****************************************************
void ADC_PowerOn() //switch on A/D power
{
	ADC_CONTR |=0x80;
}
//End of ADC_PowerOn()

//*****************************************************
void ADC_PowerOff() //switch off A/D power
{
	ADC_CONTR &=0x7F;
}
//End of ADC_PowerOff()

//*****************************************************
void ADC_SpeedConfig(ADC_SPEED mSpeed)
{
	ui8 tem = ADC_CONTR;
	SetBits(&tem, 6, 5, mSpeed);
	ADC_CONTR = tem;
}
//End of ADC_SpeedConfig(ADC_SPEED mSpeed)

//*****************************************************
ui8 ADC_GetFlag()//get A/D flag state
{
	return GetBit(ADC_CONTR, 4);
}
//End of ADC_GetFlag()

//*****************************************************
void ADC_ResetFlag() //reset A/D flag
{
	ADC_CONTR &= ~0x10;
}
//End of ADC_ResetFlag()

//*****************************************************
void ADC_Start() //start A/D conversion
{
	ui8 tem = ADC_CONTR;
	tem |= 0x80;
	tem |= 0x08;
	ADC_CONTR = tem;
}
//End of ADC_Start()

//*****************************************************
void ADC_ChnSel(ADC_CH mSel)
{
	ui8 tem = ADC_CONTR;
	switch(mSel)
	{
		case ADC_CH0:
			SetBits(&tem,2,0,0x00); 
			break;
		case ADC_CH1:
			SetBits(&tem,2,0,0x01); 
			break;
		case ADC_CH2:
			SetBits(&tem,2,0,0x02); 
			break;
		case ADC_CH3:
			SetBits(&tem,2,0,0x03); 
			break;
		case ADC_CH4:
			SetBits(&tem,2,0,0x04); 
			break;
		case ADC_CH5:
			SetBits(&tem,2,0,0x05); 
			break;
		case ADC_CH6:
			SetBits(&tem,2,0,0x06); 
			break;
		case ADC_CH7:
			SetBits(&tem,2,0,0x07); 
			break;
	}
	ADC_CONTR = tem;
}
//End of ADC_ChnSel(ui8 mSel)

//****************************************************
void ADC_Init(ADC_SPEED mSel)
{
	CLK_DIV &= ~0x20; //ADC_RES store high 2 bits
  ADC_RES=0;
  ADC_RESL=0;
	ADC_SpeedConfig(mSel);
	ADC_ResetFlag();
	ADC_PowerOn();
	Delayxms(2,FSCLK);
}
//End of ADC_Init(ADC_SPEED mSel)

//****************************************************
ui16 ADC_GetResult(ADC_CH Chx)
{
	ui16 tem;
	ADC_RES=0;
  ADC_RESL=0;
	ADC_EnableChn(1, Chx);
	ADC_ChnSel(Chx);
	ADC_ResetFlag();
	ADC_Start();//start A/D conversion
	Delayxus(2,FSCLK);
	
	while(!ADC_GetFlag());
	ADC_ResetFlag();
	tem = ADC_RES;
	tem <<= 2;
	tem += ADC_RESL;
	return tem;
}
//End of ADC_GetResult(ADC_CH Chx)

//****************************************************
ui16 ADC_GetBandGapRes()
{
	ui16 tem;
	P1ASF = 0;
	ADC_ChnSel(ADC_CH0);
	ADC_ResetFlag();
	ADC_Start();//start A/D
	Delayxus(2,FSCLK);
	
	while(!ADC_GetFlag());
	ADC_ResetFlag();
	tem = ADC_RES;
	tem <<= 2;
	tem += ADC_RESL;
	return tem;
}
//End of ADC_GetBandGapRes()


//****************************************************
ui16 ADC_ChnVoltage(ADC_CH Chx)
{
	return ((ui32)ADC_GetResult(Chx) * Vbg_ROM / ADC_GetBandGapRes());
}
//End of ADC_ChnVoltage(ADC_CH Chx)

测试程序头文件：

/*main.h
  Designed by Bill Liu
  Version 0.0 
  Modified last by Bill Liu on 12/15/2021
*/

#ifndef __MAIN_H_
#define __MAIN_H_

#include "mtype.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "stcuart.h"
#include "stcio.h"
#include "myport.h"
#include "stcadc.h"


 
const FSYSCLOCK FSCLK = F30MHz; //define system clock frequency 30MHz, FSYSCLOCK was defined in mtype.h
const ui32  FSCLK1 = 30000000L; //define system clock frequency 30MHz
ui16 code Vbg_ROM _at_ 0xf3f7;  //band gap voltage stord at memory end address -8

i8 mstr[25] ="";


void SundBuzzerx10ms(ui8 x);

测试程序源文件：

/*main.c
  Designed by Bill Liu
  Version 0.0 
  Modified last by Bill Liu on 12/16/2021
*/


#include "main.h" 


void main()
{
	
  STCIO_InitPortsBits(P0|P1|P2|P3|P4, 0xFF, BI_IO);
	P3 = 0xFF;
	P0 = 0xFF;
  UartS1_Init(VBAUD_8BITS,G1,T2,9600);
	STCIO_InitP3Bit(SCT_BIT1, PP_OUT);
	
	ADC_Init(1);
	SundBuzzerx10ms(50);
	Delay10xms(50, FSCLK);
	SundBuzzerx10ms(50);
	
	
  while(1)
  {
		
		LongToString(Vbg_ROM,mstr);
		UartS1_SendString(mstr);
		UartS1_SendString("\r\n");
		
		LongToString(ADC_GetBandGapRes(),mstr);
		UartS1_SendString(mstr);
		UartS1_SendString("\r\n");
		
		LongToString(ADC_GetResult(4),mstr);
		UartS1_SendString(mstr);
		UartS1_SendString("\r\n");
	
		LongToString(ADC_ChnVoltage(ADC_CH4),mstr);
		UartS1_SendString(mstr);
		UartS1_SendString("\r\n");
		
		Delay10xms(200, FSCLK);
		
  }
}
//End of main()

//*********************************************
void SundBuzzerx10ms(ui8 x)
{
	BUZZER = 0;
	Delay10xms(x, FSCLK);
	BUZZER = 1;
}
//End of SundBuzzerx10ms(ui8 x)

编译后下载到IAP15W4K61S4单片机中，在串口口助手中得到的结果如下：