动机(Motivation)
由于某些类型的固有的实现逻辑,使得它们具有两个变化的维度,乃至多个纬度的变化。
模式定义
将抽象部分(业务功能)与实现部分(平台实现)分离,使它们都可以独立地变化。
要点总结
- Bridge模式使用“对象间的组合关系”解耦了抽象和实现之间固有的绑定关系,使得抽象和实现可以沿着各自的维度来变化。所谓抽象和实现沿着各自纬度的变化,即“子类化”它们。
- Bridge模式有时候类似于多继承方案,但是多继承方案往往违背单一职责原则(即一个类只有一个变化的原因),复用性比较差。Bridge模式是比多继承方案更好的解决方法。
- Bridge模式的应用一般在“两个非常强的变化维度”,有时一个类也有多于两个的变化维度,这时可以使用Bridge的扩展模式。
代码
优化后
class Messager{
protected:
MessagerImp* messagerImp;//...
public:
virtual void Login(string username, string password)=0;
virtual void SendMessage(string message)=0;
virtual void SendPicture(Image image)=0;
virtual ~Messager(){}
};
class MessagerImp{
public:
virtual void PlaySound()=0;
virtual void DrawShape()=0;
virtual void WriteText()=0;
virtual void Connect()=0;
virtual MessagerImp(){}
};
//平台实现 n
class PCMessagerImp : public MessagerImp{
public:
virtual void PlaySound(){
//**********
}
virtual void DrawShape(){
//**********
}
virtual void WriteText(){
//**********
}
virtual void Connect(){
//**********
}
};
class MobileMessagerImp : public MessagerImp{
public:
virtual void PlaySound(){
//==========
}
virtual void DrawShape(){
//==========
}
virtual void WriteText(){
//==========
}
virtual void Connect(){
//==========
}
};
//业务抽象 m
//类的数目:1+n+m
class MessagerLite :public Messager {
public:
virtual void Login(string username, string password){
messagerImp->Connect();
//........
}
virtual void SendMessage(string message){
messagerImp->WriteText();
//........
}
virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
messagerImp->DrawShape();
//........
}
};
class MessagerPerfect :public Messager {
public:
virtual void Login(string username, string password){
messagerImp->PlaySound();
//********
messagerImp->Connect();
//........
}
virtual void SendMessage(string message){
messagerImp->PlaySound();
//********
messagerImp->WriteText();
//........
}
virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
messagerImp->PlaySound();
//********
messagerImp->DrawShape();
//........
}
};
void Process(){
//运行时装配
MessagerImp* mImp=new PCMessagerImp();
Messager *m =new Messager(mImp);
}
优化前
class Messager{
public:
virtual void Login(string username, string password)=0;
virtual void SendMessage(string message)=0;
virtual void SendPicture(Image image)=0;
virtual void PlaySound()=0;
virtual void DrawShape()=0;
virtual void WriteText()=0;
virtual void Connect()=0;
virtual ~Messager(){}
};
//平台实现
class PCMessagerBase : public Messager{
public:
virtual void PlaySound(){
//**********
}
virtual void DrawShape(){
//**********
}
virtual void WriteText(){
//**********
}
virtual void Connect(){
//**********
}
};
class MobileMessagerBase : public Messager{
public:
virtual void PlaySound(){
//==========
}
virtual void DrawShape(){
//==========
}
virtual void WriteText(){
//==========
}
virtual void Connect(){
//==========
}
};
//业务抽象
class PCMessagerLite : public PCMessagerBase {
public:
virtual void Login(string username, string password){
PCMessagerBase::Connect();
//........
}
virtual void SendMessage(string message){
PCMessagerBase::WriteText();
//........
}
virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
PCMessagerBase::DrawShape();
//........
}
};
class PCMessagerPerfect : public PCMessagerBase {
public:
virtual void Login(string username, string password){
PCMessagerBase::PlaySound();
//********
PCMessagerBase::Connect();
//........
}
virtual void SendMessage(string message){
PCMessagerBase::PlaySound();
//********
PCMessagerBase::WriteText();
//........
}
virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
PCMessagerBase::PlaySound();
//********
PCMessagerBase::DrawShape();
//........
}
};
class MobileMessagerLite : public MobileMessagerBase {
public:
virtual void Login(string username, string password){
MobileMessagerBase::Connect();
//........
}
virtual void SendMessage(string message){
MobileMessagerBase::WriteText();
//........
}
virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
MobileMessagerBase::DrawShape();
//........
}
};
class MobileMessagerPerfect : public MobileMessagerBase {
public:
virtual void Login(string username, string password){
MobileMessagerBase::PlaySound();
//********
MobileMessagerBase::Connect();
//........
}
virtual void SendMessage(string message){
MobileMessagerBase::PlaySound();
//********
MobileMessagerBase::WriteText();
//........
}
virtual void SendPicture(Image image){
MobileMessagerBase::PlaySound();
//********
MobileMessagerBase::DrawShape();
//........
}
};
void Process(){
//编译时装配
Messager *m =
new MobileMessagerPerfect();
}